tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89244386414478935742024-03-13T15:13:21.346-07:00Classic Automotives, Car Colector, Car Insurance, Old Cars.Car Review, Automobile Pictures, Car Dealers, Automotive Specification, Elegant Cars, Luxury Automobiles, Auto News, USA Automobiles, Sport Automotiveclassic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.comBlogger581125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-82497245217848966292013-07-23T02:06:00.001-07:002013-07-23T02:06:55.716-07:00Rolls-Royce Phantom Coupe, 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<li> <b>Rolls-Royce Phantom Coupe, 2013</b></li>
</ul>
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<br />The launch of the Rolls-Royce Phantom on 1 January 2003 was much more than the reveal of a new ultra-luxury car; it signalled the 21st Century renaissance of the world's most famous luxury automobile brand and the first glimpse of a masterpiece that quickly established itself at the pinnacle of automotive excellence.<br /><br />For the preceding five years, under BMW Group ownership and in the absence of publicity, designers, engineers and skilled production staff had overseen the birth of a flagship Rolls-Royce motor car and state-of-the-art production facility on the Goodwood Estate in Southern England. Without parallel in the car industry, the achievement was all the more astonishing for a brand which shouldered the weight of historic ups (and occasional downs) and for which expectations for the future were rightly high.<br /><br />From launch, the Rolls-Royce Phantom proved itself a worthy recipient of the famous Spirit of Ecstasy figurine. From Pantheon grille to long rear overhang, the design was clearly a Rolls-Royce. Every angle revealed a bold yet elegant car with road presence that was second to none.<br /><br />For such an imposing car, Phantom surprised drivers with its agility and precision in motion while its ride was described by the company at the time as 'designed to lower the pulse'. The magnificently sublime ride, famed through model generations, had returned and waftability re-affirmed itself in the company lexicon.<br /><br />At the car's core lay a ground-breaking, lightweight aluminium space-frame with power supplied by a sophisticated, direct-injection V12 engine, married to a six-speed auto gearbox. And complementing this excellence in engineering was Phantom's beautiful interior, presenting hand-stitched sumptuous leathers, fine veneers and exquisite detailing, a combination that marked the car as something uniquely special.<br /><br />The New Phantom variants were added, starting with Phantom Extended Wheelbase in 2005. In 2007, Phantom Drophead Coupé revealed the ultimate in luxurious open-top motoring, while Phantom Coupé, Rolls-Royce's sophisticated grand tourer, joined the family in 2008. All were warmly received.<br /><br />A new world - Phantom Series II in summary<br />Today, Rolls-Royce presents Phantom Series II, a family of pinnacle cars that have been thoughtfully updated with the introduction of cutting-edge technology, enhancements to an already peerless drive-train and improvements in connectivity that reflect the changing world in which we live.<br /><br />Rolls-Royce Phantom's striking and modern front end best encapsulates the essence of changes that lie beneath, with re-styled bumpers and rectangular light apertures that frame full-LED light clusters. These allow the integration of new technologies like curve light functionality, where headlamp beams are reflected in the direction of travel to provide greater illumination of the road ahead when cornering. And adaptive headlamps, where light patterns change automatically and - of course - effortlessly in response to different driving speeds.<br /><br />Phantom's already sublime drive-train has also been enhanced. The addition of a new 8-speed automatic gearbox and rear differential perfectly complement the V12 direct injection engine, improving exemplary dynamics, as well as the famous Rolls-Royce promise of a magic carpet ride. Fuel consumption improves by 10 percent on the combined cycle and CO2 emissions fall from 385 to 347g/km as a consequence (388 to 349 for Phantom Extended Wheelbase).<br /><br />Effortless is a word that perhaps best epitomises the Phantom experience, both for drivers and their passengers. So an improved user interface, as well as the addition of new driver assistance technologies, have been built on the foundation of a new electronics' platform for Phantom Series II. The satellite navigation system, for example, has been fully updated with functions that include 3D map display with landscape topography, guided tours, as well as enhanced points of interest and composite route planning.<br /><br />Audio visual content, satellite navigation maps and driver information is presented on Phantom's new 8.8 inch control centre display, underlined by eight programmable bookmarks in chrome for optimum convenience in selecting key functions. Front, rear and top-view camera systems, further augment Phantom's ease of use particularly when driving in tight urban environments. When reverse parking for example, rear path prediction automatically deploys on-screen.<br /><br />These significant changes add further substance to a reputation Phantom has proudly built since launch of the signature Rolls-Royce back in 2003. It is a new world. But it's a world in which the Rolls-Royce Phantom family will occupy a pinnacle position for many years to come.<br /><br />Design<br />Like a piece of inspirational music, the Rolls-Royce Phantom continues to delight an audience. Familiar melodies - classic design cues that can be traced through the model generations - are brought to life by an orchestra of craftspeople working at the Home of Rolls-Royce in Goodwood, where attention to the finest detail delights in every car.<br /><br />Familiar themes begin with the famous Spirit of Ecstasy, proudly adorning each model's Pantheon grille leaning into the wind with fluttering gown, while in side profile all Phantom family members present a long rear over-hang and classic two-to-one wheel to body height.<br /><br />The thin-rimmed steering-wheel is reminiscent of elegantly engineered multifunction helms of the Phantom II and III, while further cues in the form of bulls-eye air vents and organ-stop plungers further hint at past masterpieces.<br /><br />But 21st Century design cues also delight owners, as well as those for whom a glimpse of a Rolls-Royce is a rare moment to be treasured. The interlocked double-R Rolls-Royce monogram in the hubcaps, for example, which remain upright at all times. And coach doors with soft close function, which house Teflon-coated umbrellas to provide the grandest form of disembarkation from any motor car, whatever the weather.<br /><br />Nearly ten years from launch, the design team responsible for creating a modern masterpiece remain at Rolls-Royce. And for Director of Design Ian Cameron, updating a 21st Century classic would start with one priority: a harmonious, timeless design to embrace state-of-the-art technological improvements.<br /><br />The new, modern front-end for Phantom Series II, perhaps best exemplifies changes that are more than skin deep. Recessed behind new rectangular light apertures and re-designed front bumpers are fully LED light clusters. The signature is an elegant and dramatic bar, capturing the simple elegance of a continuously lit element, a feature complementing Rolls-Royce tail light design. For balance and proportion, this is integrated horizontally across the centre of Phantom's four-compartment headlamp.<br /><br />Rolls-Royce Phantom Coupé and Drophead Coupé now come with a single piece grille surround, presenting a smoother, more contemporary front end that arch into sculpted front wings, while Phantom saloon features a new rear bumper incorporating a polished stainless steel highlight.<br /><br />Rolls-Royce Phantom Saloon and Extended Wheelbase wear a new front wing R-R badge with repeat indicator while three new wheel options, including painted, part-polished and polished, add to the range of 21" wheels, the largest fitted as standard to any production car.<br /><br />Interior<br />Simplicity of design and the very finest materials contribute to the timeless architecture of any Phantom, where touch points are exclusively wood, chrome and leather and where feet can easily be lost in deep, lambswool rugs.<br /><br />Arguably the best place to experience Phantom's luxury is from the rear seat of Phantom Saloon where passengers - elevated by 18 mm - are presented with an inspirational view down the long sweep of the bonnet and onto the Spirit of Ecstasy. A reduction in the number of seat flutes in front and rear, from five to three, gives a more modern complement to the car's sumptuous natural grain leather and flutes are also added to Drophead Coupé and Coupé seats for Phantom Series II.<br /><br />An oasis of calm, Rolls-Royce interiors are the perfect environment in which to relax and unwind in welcoming silence. But they can also be a centre for entertainment. Phantom Saloon's theatre configuration adds two monitors within veneered picnic tables for rear seat passengers which are linked to a multi-media player, mounted in a compartment at the rear of the centre console. The inclusion of AV connectors, a six-DVD changer housed in the lower glove box and USB port in the centre console, means occupants can view separate content wherever they may be seated, front or rear.<br /><br />The LOGIC7 surround sound system by Harman can create a truly cinematic experience on any journey. Seven individual sound signals are processed specifically for the car and its interior conditions using a combination of speakers that include subwoofers housed within resonance chambers in the space created by Phantom's double floor. A nine-channel amplifier delivers supreme clarity, clearly placing musical instruments, sound effects and dialogue at different depths giving the impression of sitting in row one or 20 of a concert.<br /><br />At the touch of a button, Phantom's elegant analogue clock flips to reveal a new control centre display. The screen has increased in size from 6.5 to 8.8 inches with enhanced pixel density providing a more refined image, as well as split-menu display for more intuitive access to different functions.<br /><br />A stylish new chrome controller, discreetly hidden within the centre console and rear-centre arm rests when not in use, is flanked by function keys such as menu, telephone and navigation to allow easier access to infotainment functions.<br /><br />Eight functional bookmarks are now included beneath the monitor. These can be programmed to present desired information at the touch of a chrome key, for example the preferred orientation for satellite navigation maps, to present favourite television channels, pre-set radio stations or to access Phantom's telephone menu.<br /><br />All Rolls-Royce Phantom family cars now benefit from improved interfaces and interaction with wireless technology. Finding a restaurant, booking a table, then being guided to its location, for example, comes courtesy of the improved functionality and inter-connectivity of Phantom's new satellite navigation system. Further enhancements to navigation functions include guided tours: at the Home of Rolls-Royce, which is situated next to the historic town of Chichester in England, drivers may choose to select a 45 minute tour taking in Roman Britain.<br /><br />For Rolls-Royce Phantom Series II the telephone cradle has been replaced by a standard fit smart phone cradle which connects directly into the car antennae. The centre recess now also includes USB, Aux-in and 12V power sockets. Additionally, music can be copied directly onto the car's hard-drive, thanks to the addition of a USB port in the glove compartment.<br /><br />"Lit in a different way" - new LED light technology<br />Rolls-Royce has a long history of technological firsts and is now the first car manufacturer to offer full LED headlamps as standard for Phantom models. As well as drawing less power from the engine, the characteristic whiter light provides a clearer view of the road ahead, helping prevent tiredness for drivers during long journeys on dark roads.<br /><br />New light clusters comprise four compartments surrounded and finished with a polished, stainless steel bezel. Continuously lit, an elegant bar runs through the centre forming Phantom's LED daytime running lamps. LEDS in the top two pockets form dipped lights while full beam illuminates LEDs in the lower two. A separate, rectangular indicator strip sits below the headlamps.<br /><br />LEDs present the opportunity for technologies that better manage the way light is projected, including curve light functionality and adaptive headlamps. The first uses electronically-controlled reflectors in upper and lower headlamp pockets, to improve the sweep of illumination when cornering. More of the road in the direction of travel can be seen as reflectors rotate by up to 15° in direct response to steering wheel turns.<br /><br />Adaptive headlamps automatically change beam patterns according to driving conditions. Light is dispersed more widely for driving speeds below 50km/h to enable better views of cyclists and pedestrians. Between 50 and 120km/h the light cone extends and is skewed towards the near side to reveal potential hazards on a driver's side of the road, while for motorway driving at speeds in excess of 120km/h, the beam has a longer range and is more intense. Where windscreen wipers have been operating for more than two minutes in poor weather, dipped beams are automatically illuminated.<br /><br />The convenient activation of headlight adaption is a further benefit, now being accessed directly via the rotary controller, rather than a switch located under the bonnet. This allows headlight settings to be switched between right-hand and left-hand drive markets, for example when driving from the UK to France, increasing comfort for those used to crossing borders.<br /><br />Camera system<br />Everything about owning and driving Phantom models should be effortless, including manoeuvring in tight urban environments. Today, a new camera system is offered as standard for all Phantom Series II. Cameras are positioned in five locations, two in the curves of the front bumper, two on the underside of each wing mirror and one in the trunk lid.<br /><br />These combine to present a fish-eye view at blind junctions or to provide ground images with obstacle recognition and reverse path prediction when parking This automatically deploys on the control centre display when reverse gear is selected and highlights the optimum reversing trajectory as well as the location of obstacles, helping prevent scuffs and alloy damage preserving the high value of a client's investment - and the inherent beauty of the car.<br /><br />Additionally, all Phantom models carry six buttons that sit either side of the centre console's functional bookmarks; the button to the furthest on the right takes drivers immediately to a split image revealing objects at either side at the front of the car.<br /><br />Engineering excellence<br />Originally conceived by the Rolls-Royce engineering team, an advanced aluminium spaceframe retains its position at Phantom's core, serving as the foundation for the car's extraordinary driving prowess. Strong, lightweight and as rigid as a Formula 1 car, the spaceframe has been further reinforced, with the addition of brace bars that enable a dynamic package to be offered as an option for Phantom Saloon for the first time.<br /><br />Epitomising the Rolls-Royce marriage of cutting-edge technology with fine craftsmanship, each spaceframe is entirely hand-welded, then finished as if it were a precision instrument. Every morning, skilled welders perform a 300mm test to check for atmospheric effects on the material with which they will work. More than 200 box sections of cast aluminium extrusion are then formed to create the frame, which is checked for accuracy to within a millimetre by laser. Finally, the largest computer-guided machining platform in the auto industry sets to work on the complete structure, milling critical points with pinpoint precision.<br /><br />Precision might also be the best word to describe the manner in which Phantom drivers place their cars through corners. But, of course, handling cannot come at the expense of the famous Rolls-Royce magic carpet ride. Fortunately, thanks to its double insulated floor, the spaceframe only augments inner tranquillity helping eliminate noise, vibration and harshness.<br /><br />Its inherent safety benefits are also enhanced by other systems controlled by Phantom's ISIS (Intelligent Safety and Information System). This takes readings from sensors located throughout the car and, in the event of an impact, makes up to 4,000 calculations a second to establish its severity, deploying safety systems as necessary. These include intelligent braking and restraint systems such as Dynamic Stability Control, Dynamic Traction Control and seat belt pre-tensioners.<br /><br />Complementing Phantom's reassuring safety features are changes to front door side pockets. These are now slightly smaller, due to the addition of a crash pad, for more even distribution of forces in a 30° side-impact test.<br /><br />Drive-train and suspension<br />"For my team this was a question of what we could do to improve a drive-train that we believed was close to perfection, both in terms of its dynamic performance and outstanding ride characteristics," - Helmut Riedl, Director of Engineering<br /><br />At its heart, every Phantom family car hosts a hand-assembled, naturally aspirated 6.75 litre V12 engine. This sophisticated direct-injection petrol engine develops 531lb ft of torque (720Nm) more than three quarters of which is available at 1,000 rpm. The torque curve remains largely flat between 1,000 and 3,000 rpm - an important prerequisite for effortless city driving - and moves occupants from 0 to 60 in 5.7 seconds and onto an electronically limited top speed of 149mph (155mph for Phantom Coupé) where market conditions allow.<br /><br />Rolls-Royce Phantom's power reserve gauge is another of those trademark Rolls-Royce design cues that always raises a smile. In operation, it casually reveals the enormous power potential at a driver's disposal should he or she require it. But, in most circumstances, Phantom's performance is simply a matter of seamless, effortless progress.<br /><br />For Rolls-Royce Phantom Series II, Rolls-Royce has improved the drive-train by incorporating a new 8-speed auto ZF-gearbox for all variants. This is electronically controlled to manage the extraordinary power delivered by the V12 power plant. The longer ratio in the new rear differential compensates shorter ratios in some gears of the new 8-speed gearbox, maintaining the same engine speed to augment 'waftability', while improving fuel economy.<br /><br />The result is powerful serenity. Effortless gear changes come as a consequence of a better match of gear to engine speed, improving efficiency from power generation to where it is needed at the wheels. Fuel economy improves by 10 percent on the combined cycle and CO2 emissions fall from 385 to 347g/km as a result.<br /><br />Double-wishbone front suspension complements the drive-train, featuring optimised mounts to minimise vibrations through the steering wheel, while multi-link rear suspension complete with anti-lift and anti-dive technology aids stability under heavy acceleration and braking.<br /><br />Spring dampeners and anti-roll bars maintain comfort without loss of agility while self-levelling air struts compensate for different loads within the car, making continual adjustments as the weight of fuel decreases, giving drivers the ability to place the car through turns with absolute precision and passengers a ride of supreme comfort.<br /><br />Craftsmanship<br />It takes 60 pairs of hands and more than 450 hours to design, construct and craft each Rolls-Royce motor car. At the Home of Rolls-Royce in Goodwood there are around 1,000 employees, including craftspeople working in wood and leather shops, making the world's finest cars. And just two robots in the paint shop to provide a seamless quality of finish. Only the finest materials are used and these are painstakingly prepared so their inherent beauty is displayed to best effect.<br /><br />Paint<br />Rolls-Royce continues the grand tradition started centuries ago by the coach-building industry: at least five layers of paint and clear lacquer coating are applied to each Phantom, seven if the car is two-tone. Between each layer technicians sand the body by hand. Following application of a final coat, the body is meticulously hand polished for five hours to achieve the glassy lustre normally associated with a grand piano. Through the Bespoke programme, any chosen paint colour can be specified. Initially, this could be chosen by the client through the Phantom iPad App, capturing the colour of a favourite tie or lipstick for example and applying it to their virtual car. In keeping with Rolls-Royce traditions single or double coach-lines can also be applied - by hand of course. Each five metre line takes three hours to apply using only the finest squirrel and ox hair brushes.<br /><br />Wood<br />Wooden features blend the skills of cabinet makers and boat builders with modern technology. Depending on specification, up to 43 wooden parts are used in every Phantom, each constructed from up to 28 layers of wood. These are interspersed with thin sheets of aluminium for strength and to prevent splintering in an impact. Multiple layers are pressed, bent and hand-finished before craftsmen cut and apply matched veneers, which are subsequently detailed, lacquered, hand polished and highlighted. All veneers come from one log and these are carefully selected and laid out so that the grain detailing is mirrored across the interior of each car.<br /><br />Inspired by J-class yachts of the 1930s , the beautiful teak-decking in Phantom Drophead Coupé is a fine example of the marriage between Rolls-Royce traditions and the best in engineering. Teak is used because of its hardy properties and resistance to moisture and decay, but special techniques have been developed to preserve the appearance of a fresh, unprocessed finish, the aim being a final deck that closely resembled natural timber. Each deck, comprised of more than 30 wooden pieces, features precisely machined grooves and is protected by a specially formulated blend of oils. As with all woods and veneers used by Rolls-Royce, it is sourced by a team of specialists.<br /><br />Leather<br />Only the finest hand-selected hides from Alpine bulls are used by Rolls-Royce. The healthy environment and open meadows without thorn or barbed wire result in far fewer natural marks. The leather is drum pigmented to allow the durable Rolls-Royce leather to retain its famous soft and supple feel, giving a rich, uniform colour while maintaining the natural feel, softness and grain. Each of the 450 leather parts that comprise an interior is cut by laser before being hand sewn by the artisans in the company's own workshop.<br /><br />Bespoke<br />Rolls-Royce customers expect their cars to be as unique as their own fingerprint and the Bespoke service delivers on these high expectations. More than eight in ten Rolls-Royce Phantom models delivered globally to clients in 2011 included some element of bespoke design from individual paint colours, veneer inlays, tread plates and coach lines, to the most flamboyant and individual of whole vehicle designs.<br /><br />In 2011 for example, Rolls-Royce designed a car for a Middle Eastern customer that incorporated an intricate and beautiful falcon motif within the headrests. Taking 40 hours of embroidery and using 11 different threads, the design featured 21,000 stitches.<br /><br />Perhaps one of the most delightful and popular of Rolls-Royce bespoke features is the starlight headliner, which integrates more than 1,600 tiny fibre optic lights which are hand-woven into the leather roof lining to create a beautiful starry sky within a Rolls-Royce Phantom Saloon or Phantom Coupé.<br /></div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-88769929626018883752013-07-22T04:15:00.001-07:002013-07-22T04:15:50.356-07:00Renault Koleos, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<li> <b>Renault Koleos, 2012</b></li>
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<br />A renewed version of Renault Koleos is to be released in late 2011. The chief changes concern the model's exterior styling and interior trim, plus appreciable CO2 and fuel consumption savings in the case of its diesel engines. The model reasserts its high-end status by building on the strengths that were widely acclaimed at the time of its launch in 2008, namely its remarkable comfort, versatility and modularity, as well as the speed with which owners are able to familiarise themselves with their new car.<br /><br />Robust, more dynamic looks<br />The front end of Renault Koleos has been revised with a view to reasserting its forceful character. The air-intakes positioned either side of the Renault logo on the previous version have made way for an elegant chrome grille, while the dynamism of the model has been reinforced by new, slimmer headlights. The more modern door mirrors now incorporate LED indicators.<br /><br />The side view expresses the robustness associated with the world of 4x4 motoring thanks to cues such as high ground clearance, prominent wheel arches and new, modern, sporty wheels. The initial version's distinctive rear-end styling has been carried over, including the steeply-raked rear window which suggests forward movement and provides the model with a particularly original stance. New Renault Koleos will also be available in a new dynamic body colour: Cayenne Orange.<br /><br />Careful attention has been paid to the quality and finish of the cabin. A selection of new upholsteries and trims have enhanced the original vehicle's elegance and refinement, while the dashboard and instrument lighting have evolved, too, with the introduction of a modern, more stylish speedometer housing and display.<br /><br />CO2 emissions savings for a safe crossover which is at home on all types of road<br /><br />Depending on market, new Renault Koleos can be ordered with the 150hp or 175hp version of the M9R diesel engine, or with the 170hp (TR25) petrol engine. All three deliver dynamic, high-quality performance under the bonnet of this crossover which measures 4.52m in length and 1.85m in width.<br /><br />Work on the vehicle, engine and gearbox has produced appreciable CO2 emissions savings for the diesel versions of Koleos. The CO2 emissions of the 4x2 version powered by the dCi 150 engine are just 148g/km, which means it is no longer subject to the eco-surtax applicable in France. The emissions of the bigger dCi 175 engine have also been reduced to 166g/km.<br /><br />The versatility of new Koleos means that it is as much in its element on city streets as it is on twisty country lanes. The Nissan-developed all-wheel drive transmission of the 4x4 version ensures genuine off-road ability, while the model's carefully-honed volumes, precise steering and stability ensure surefooted agile handling in and about town.<br /><br />Meanwhile, Renault's expertise in the realm of active and passive safety saw the brand's crossover earn a five-star EuroNCAP crash test rating at the time of its launch thanks to features such as ESP, emergency brake assist, programmed structural deformation, six airbags and seat belt pretensioners.<br /><br />?Exemplary comfort and modularity, plus high-end technologies<br />New Renault Koleos boasts segment-leading cabin space and comfort, while the interior layout benefits from the extensive expertise of the MPV's pioneer. Everything has been thought through to make sure that all five occupants feel perfectly at ease, including segment-topping headroom and knee room in the front, and an excellent balance between elbow room and headroom for rear passengers.<br /><br />Practical and modular. The interior of new Renault Koleos features stowage space of up to 70 litres. Access to the large boot (450dm3 VDA) is facilitated by the split-opening tailgate, the bottom section of which forms a robust bench when lowered. The 60/40-split rear bench seat is equipped with the Easy-Estate system, which means it can be folded in one quick movement to free up a flat floor and boot space of 1,380dm3 VDA. The panoramic opening roof makes the cabin even brighter and more enjoyable.<br /><br />Technologies for enhanced comfort and safety. New Renault Koleos is available with a raft of useful, reassuring and user-friendly high-end features, including hands-free entry and ignition, an electronic parking brake, automatic headlight and windscreen wiper activation and a joystick-operated Carminat TomTom navigation system. The 4x4 versions of new Renault Koleos also incorporate Hill Start Assist and Hill Descent Control.<br /><br />Use of the audio, navigation and dual-zone climate control systems is perfectly intuitive and their controls fall readily to hand. Meanwhile, careful attention has been paid to eliminating mechanical and road noise which means that occupants are able to fully appreciate the premium Bose® sound audio system which has been tailor-engineered to match the characteristics of the cabin.<br /><br />Renault Koleos: an international calling and an image-building flagship for the brand<br /><br />Renault Koleos is marketed in some 40 countries on five continents. It was the first vehicle to benefit from Alliance-wide input since it was designed by Renault, features Nissan technologies and is manufactured at the Renault Samsung Motors plant in Busan, South Korea. Thanks to this fruitful collaboration, it has emerged as a spearhead of the Renault range in several markets.<br /><br />Renault's first crossover has carved out a place in what is a constantly expanding and fiercely competitive segment:<br /> An international calling. Thanks toKoleos, Renault enjoys a real place in this growing, image-enhancing segment, notably in China and Latin America. More than 70 percent of Koleos sales were outside of Europe in 2010.<br /> In Europe, where its strengths are readily recognised,Koleos has succeeded in defending its position. Indeed, sales have increased significantly over the first four months of 2011 with a 65 percent rise in Koleos registrations across Europe between January and April over the same period in 2010.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-31943861033011499422013-07-21T04:46:00.001-07:002013-07-21T04:46:06.668-07:00Porsche 911 GT3 Cup, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Porsche 911 GT3 Cup, 2012</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />It is the most successful race car on earth: The Porsche 911 GT3 Cup. With over 2,200 units sold, it is the undisputed number one amongst customer racing teams all over the world. Now, the Porsche 911 GT3 Cup features a 100-litre FT3 safety fuel tank, which is filled via an opening in the front bonnet. Compared to its predecessor, the vehicle is now suitable for an even wider range of endurance racing. Moreover, the new fuel tank contributes to a further improvement of the high safety standards.<br /><br />The 2012-spec Porsche 911 GT3 Cup is based on the lightweight 911 GT3 RS (997) street sports car. The power unit is largely identical to the production engine of the 911 GT3 RS with the same output of 450 bhp and the same maximum engine speed of 8,500 rpm. A race exhaust system with a controlled catalytic converter keeps emissions to a minimum.<br /><br />The flared wheel arches at the front axle accommodate light alloy rims measuring 9.5Jx18 with 25/64-18 Michelin race tyres. The light alloy rims at the rear measure 12Jx18 with 30/68-18 tyres. Depending on the type of racing, the Porsche 911 GT3 Cup features different rim specifications. The blade-type anti-roll bars at the front and rear are adjustable in seven positions allowing an extremely precise set-up for each race track. Exclusive to the Porsche Mobil1 Supercup which runs as support to Formula 1 is the PCCB Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake. This is also available for Porsche's road models. Compared to the composite cast brakes in the Carrera Cups and the GT3 Cup Challenges, PCCB reduces the weight of the car by around 20 kilograms.<br /><br />The cockpit of the Porsche 911 GT3 Cup caters for the needs of the driver. The controls for the info display are positioned on the steering wheel which houses six switches. As in the production car, the reach and height of the steering wheel can be adjusted. The Porsche 911 GT3 Cup will be delivered to teams around the world from September and run in this specification for the 2012 and 2013 race seasons in selected one-make cup series. The price is 161,750 Euro plus value-added tax of the respective countries.<br /><br />Currently, the Porsche 911 GT3 Cup competes in 19 Porsche brand trophy series worldwide. Moreover, it is run in various GT race series and at long distance events. The 911 GT3 Cup is the basis model of Porsche's racing vehicle range. Additionally, Porsche Motorsport offers the 911 GT3 R for championships complying with GT3 regulations and the 911 GT3 RSR built according to GT2 rules.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-36483480582669690582013-07-19T05:13:00.001-07:002013-07-19T05:13:35.789-07:00Pontiac G6, 2009<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Pontiac G6, 2009</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />Pontiac has announced that it is ringing in the new year with a fresh look for its best-selling line of G6 mid-size vehicles. Additional fuel-saving powertrain options, more aggressive exterior styling, and a sleek new instrument panel highlight the 2009.5 model Pontiac G6, which begin arriving in the dealerships in January 2009.<br /><br />All Pontiac G6 models, including sedans, coupes and convertibles, receive the interior upgrades. The uniquely styled Pontiac G6 GXP models will not be affected by the exterior or powertrain changes.<br /><br />New Powertrain Options<br />For the first time, the Pontiac G6 coupe available with GM's fuel sipping, 164-horsepower 2.4L four-cylinder Ecotec engine. Linked to a six-speed automatic transmission, the coupe's new powertrain combo is capable of the same 33 miles per gallon fuel efficiency as the current Pontiac G6 sedan and also incorporates a new TAP shift manual shift system with steering wheel-mounted paddle controls.<br /><br />In those areas where E85 ethanol-based fuel is readily available, a Flex Fuel version of the 219-horsepower 3.5L V6 available as a no-cost alternative to the standard 3.5L engine on all body styles.<br /><br />The optional 222-horsepower 3.9L V6 for the Pontiac G6 convertible remains unchanged, as does the standard 252-horsepower 3.6L V6 in all GXP models.<br /><br />Sportier Exterior<br />Inspired by the sporty front end styling of the new Pontiac G8 performance sedan, the new G6 front fascia features chrome surrounds for the signature Pontiac dual port honeycomb grille. This same grille pattern is carried to an updated lower air dam.<br /><br />Also new are a revised headlight design with clear park/turn lenses and amber lamps, body color mirrors and painted rockers on the sedan and coupe. An updated spoiler is available for base model sedans and is standard on the GT models.<br /><br />New rear fascias unique to the sedan and coupe/convertible accommodate both single and dual exhaust, as well as larger diameter exhaust tips.<br /><br />17-inch chrome wheel covers are now standard equipped on all four-cylinder, six-speed automatic sedans and coupes. An updated 17-inch wheel will be standard as a part of the popular Sun-and-Sound package.<br /><br />Refreshed Interior<br />A revised center stack is the most obvious interior enhancement of the 2009.5 model Pontiac G6, sporting all new HVAC controls and an updated AM/FM/CD/MP3 radio with auxiliary audio input jack. The driver information center has moved to the gauge cluster, which has also been enhanced with new graphics and lighting.<br /><br />The 2009.5 Pontiac G6 will also benefit from the integrated info-tainment opportunities in GM's optional MY LINK enhanced communication package. MY LINK integrates audio system, Bluetooth telephone, XM satellite radio and OnStar navigation functions in one simple package. It includes an upgraded USB-equipped radio system, allowing for direct control of various portable music players, plus provides a full year of both XM radio and On Star Directions and Connections services.<br /><br />Other interior changes include new dark satin nickel trim accents on the steering wheel, door panels, and shifter plate. New two-tone seats in an ebony-light taupe color combination are available in either cloth or leather for all models, offering an option to the standard ebony seats. A new optional ebony-titanium color leather seating package is also available on all GT and GXP models.<br /><br />Pricing<br />Pricing for the new Pontiac G6 coupe with the four-cylinder, six-speed automatic powertrain combo starts at $22,890, including $670 destination and freight charges (DFC). A comparably equipped Pontiac G6 sedan starts at $23,875.<br /><br />The E85-capable FlexFuel 3.5L equipped Pontiac G6 sedan starts at $24,125, with the GT coupe starting at $25,280. The 2009.5 Pontiac G6 retractable hardtop convertible starts at $32,970.<br /><br />A special value-priced Pontiac G6 base sedan with a standard equipment package start at $19,945.<br /><br />All Pontiac G6 models are covered by GM's five-year, 100,000-mile powertrain warranty, and three-year, 36,000-mile bumper-to-bumper warranty.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-68377374841526686982013-07-17T03:29:00.000-07:002013-07-17T03:29:01.744-07:00Opel Astra GTC, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Opel Astra GTC, 2012</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />The new Opel Astra GTC´s sculpted shapes with precise accents and dramatic proportions make it the ultimate expression of Opel´s design language. And on the road, all Opel Astra GTC versions benefit from a premium front axle layout with HiPerStrut - High Performance Strut - that ideally combines with the clever Opel patented Watt's link rear axle to provide unmatched stability and the sharpest driving precision. Other innovations in the new Astra GTC include driver assistance systems based on the second generation Opel Eye front camera with expanded functionality and the new, fourth generation Bi-Xenon Advanced Forward Lighting (AFL+).<br /><br />Unlike many three-door versions of existing compact hatches, the GTC will be a standalone model in Opel's range and the ultimate Astra in design and driving dynamics. It does not share any exterior element with other members of the Astra family, except for the outside rear view mirror housing and the rod antenna. Six of the seven 17- to 20-inch wheel designs on offer are also GTC-only features.<br /><br />Also exclusive for the new Opel Astra GTC is the panoramic windscreen. For the unique feature, which successfully made its production debut 2006 in the previous Astra GTC generation, Opel engineers filed a total of 11 patents during its development. The large panoramic windshield extends seamlessly from the hood up into the roof as far as the B-pillar. With no cross-member to spoil the view, it offers driver and passengers a unique driving experience and a completely new sense of space and visibility with an almost unlimited field of vision, similar to the view from a jetplane cockpit.<br /><br />Sharp looks enhance Opel's design language<br />The Opel Astra GTC manages to combine the best of both worlds: on the one hand passion and emotion, on the other a high degree of utility in day to day usage. Its sleek looks are very striking and are the very essence of Opel's design language. The atmosphere of the roomy interior is sporty and classy. The loading capacity (1.165 liters) is considerably greater than that of its direct competitors. "The Astra GTC expresses our passion for cars," the Opel/Vauxhall Vice President for Design, Mark Adams, explains. "This represents our most emotional vehicle so far, yet it does not sacrifice on the emotional with the functional side."<br /><br />In contrast to many other coupés which are often merely hatchback variants of a sedan, the Opel Astra GTC is a standalone car within the Opel product spectrum. It is the sharpest looking Astra when it comes to design and the very essence of what a coupé should be, because of its extraordinary usefulness in day to day situations. None of the components in the Astra GTC have been lifted from other Astras, apart from the mounting of the rear mirror and the aerial.<br /><br />The design team was tasked with giving a new and dynamic expression of its mission statement of "sculptural artistry meets German precision". They came up with a car that is as uncompromising as a wild cat, crouching down on the street, ready to leap. However, at the same time it can be gentle and playful. "The essence of the new Opel design language is to reduce everything to the maximum. And the Opel Astra GTC is our most radical interpretation of that," says the Opel Exterior Design Director, Malcolm Ward. "We wanted to create a really attractive car made up of only a few key dynamic lines."<br /><br />There are only three lines that create tension and define the outline of the silhouette.<br /><br />A fine, crisp line sweeps downward from the front door to the bottom of the rear fender and energizes the body side. A second line encapsulates the door handle and stretches to the rear, emphasizing the GTC's dramatic stance by spreading the surfaces to a fine undercut and a broad shoulder. The third line follows the clean, sporty silhouette of the roof.<br /><br />No compromising on design<br />The designers' unwillingness to compromise, particularly when designing the GTC shoulder area, put the whole engineering team up against a challenge. The sheet metal sections needed to be pressed unusually deeply to enable realization of the wide shoulder and dominant wheelhouses from the sketch and clay model. Just a few years ago, this would have been technically impossible. A "real" door made of steel was built earlier than usual, so that new production methods could be tested - and to help determine if the final car could do justice to the initial vision. And it did.<br /><br />Panoramic windscreen offers unique vistas<br />The Opel Astra GTC is a standalone car in its own right and its striking design re-enforces that impression. The Vice President of Design, Mark Adams, wants to avoid what he calls the "Russian Dolls" effect, where all models look the same and just differ in size. He states that "It is important that each vehicle in our portfolio has its own personality, because each has a unique role in our portfolio and appeals to different customers."<br /><br />Therefore the panoramic windscreen was reserved exclusively for the Opel Astra GTC within the Astra family. The windscreen gives the racy compact coupé a dynamic look and a luxurious note. The large front windscreen stretches all the way to the middle of the car roof and gives the driver and the passengers an extraordinary visual, space and driving experience. In contrast to other glass roof solutions, in this case there is no transverse spar that reduces visibility. On the contrary, the roof boosts the roominess of the interior, thus improving the driving experience. The driver, his co-pilot and the passengers in the rear are able to enjoy a vista, similar to what pilots experience under the light plane canopies.<br /><br />From the outside, the panoramic windscreen together with its black metallic steel roof looks like a continuous surface. The A and B pillars are also coated in black as well as the roof liner, reinforcing the impression of a homogenous surface. In the event of very powerful sun rays a roller blind can be lowered inside the cabin which sits under the panoramic glass. This helps create a pleasant atmosphere. The device which is continuously variable can be easily adjusted and then may be attached with a turning handle. The solar protection comes complete with an integrated sun visor which even in its opened state disappears behind the rear roof component.<br /><br />Athletic powerhouse with practical strengths<br />In contrast to its competitors, the Opel Astra GTC is not handicapped by its coupé pedigree to deal with every situations on the road. The flexible boot that can load between 380 and 1.165 liters, comes in addition to the room for five passengers. The storage space inside the cabin was increased by 50 percent in comparison to its predecessor. In the Cosmo variant, the electric parking brake (EPB) is a basic feature and contributes to an efficient space distribution in the Opel Astra GTC. Specifically in the central console, where storage capacity is normally much in demand, the EPB pays off. It means that depending on which features have been added to the car, there are up to 19 storage facilities on board.<br /><br />The flowing and sculptural shape of the outside body work is continued on the inside with curved surfaces and circular features. The wing-like instrument panel embraces the front seats in a wide arc. Similar to wing tips the upper segments of the door panels give the impression of a broad span that offers protection. The sickle shape, associated with Opel, is also reflected in the design features, for example in the shape of the shiny, chrome door knobs and the gear stick cover. The elegant central console has been fitted with a flat angle, creating a harmonious, flowing transition from the dash board to the gear box.<br /><br />This in turn enhances the roominess of the interior. The overall atmosphere is very pleasant thanks to décor details such as the chrome instrument fittings and knobs or the juxtaposition of the user-friendly surfaces and the pleasant back-lighting.<br /><br />New materials, colors and patterns give a further boost to the very sporty nature of the Opel Astra GTC. For example, the color combinations include Imola, Red/Morrocana, Black or Imola, Black/Morrocana, Black for the middle seat segments and the side panels. They are the ideal combination with the décor panels which are painted in piano-lacquer style. Further leather accessories are also available, including the elegant velour leather "Dinamica-Black". The sports steering wheel which is easy to grip is part of the basic features and fits perfectly with the nature of the Opel Astra GTC. The front seats have the highest degree of flexibility in the segment in order to do justice to every style of driver. Another optional extra is the ergonomic sports seat which can be adjusted in eight different positions. The seat carries the quality seal from the German healthy back association "Aktion Gesunder Rücken e.V."<br /><br />Bespoke layout for the ultimate driving experience<br />Like its predecessor, the new Astra GTC is a standalone model in its own right within the Opel product spectrum. Its breathtaking looks and dynamic handling were the focal points at the development stage. The bespoke chassis layout of the sporty compact car delivers a sense of fun and precise handling. The chassis of the new GTC is 15 millimeters lower than that of the 5-door Astra, while the wheelbase has grown by 10mm, from 2685mm to 2695mm. Both tracks are wider, too, at 1584mm (+40mm) front and 1588mm (+30mm) rear. The end result is that the Opel Astra GTC has a strong presence on the road.<br /><br />High-tech front suspension appeals to sports fans<br />Right from the start of the GTC's development program the target was to deliver a driver-oriented feel to the car. The precise response of steering and dampers should not reduce comfort and performance in daily traffic. The solution is called HiPerStrut (High-Performance Strut). In all its versions, the Opel Astra GTC possesses this exclusive high-performance suspension strut. It is based on the system currently seen on the 239 kW/325 hp Insignia OPC. In its newly adapted form to the compact coupe, the new front suspension provides better handling and more responsive steering - just what sports car drivers are looking for. The HiPerStrut uses the same pick up points, but achieves a reduction of the inclination angle by 44 percent and shortens the spindle length (kingpin offset) by 46 percent with a reduced lever arm. This helps prevent torque-steer - a trait of many powerful front-wheel-drive cars - allowing drivers to make more use of the GTC's performance without the steering being corrupted.<br /><br />Rear axle with Watt's link optimizes comfort and car handling<br />The combination of compound-crank axle and Watt's link which has proven successful in the 5-door Astra, is also being used in the Opel Astra GTC. This rear axle system is lighter and more compact than a multi-link rear suspension and provides better lateral stability. The Watt's link is fitted to a small cross-member attached to the underside of the car, just behind the rear wheel center line. It comprises a short, pivoting center link with a ball joint at each end, to which the lateral links from the wheels are bolted. In a straight line, the set up ensures excellent stability, but during cornering it minimizes lateral deflection in the same way a modern multi-link system would do. Opel's engineers estimate that the linkage absorbs around 80 percent of all lateral loads on the rear suspension. In addition, the Watt's link allows for softer bushings, which no longer have to compensate for toe changes at the rear of the car, and thus there is a reduction in annoying factors such as vibration from the road surface and noise level.<br /><br />In summary: the unique combination of lateral and camber stiffness, especially when driving in bends, give the Opel Astra GTC steering precision and stability. Friction is reduced within the suspension, while elasticity in the direction of travel mean the vehicle is well sprung and ensures good absorption.<br /><br />Mechatronic FlexRide boosts safety and driving fun<br />The lay out of the Astra GTC chassis has been designed to perfectly integrate Opel's intelligent, fully-adaptive FlexRide chassis control system. FlexRide links the separate electronic driving assistance components to one another, including the ESC stability control and the adaptive dampers, CDC. In this way, the chassis automatically adapts to road conditions, cornering speed, vehicle movements and individual driving style. Better handling and vehicle balance also enhance driving safety in emergency situations. In addition, the driver can chose from three different FlexRide settings at the touch of a button: one can choose anytime between the balanced Standard mode, the comfort-oriented "Tour" mode or the more active "Sport" mode.<br /><br />Precise steering with electric power steering<br />Precision, feedback and confidence: these were the three target elements for the GTC's bespoke steering program. The challenge was to optimize the Rack-assist electric power steering REPS in such a way that it would feel lighter at lower speeds while at the same time offering closer contact with the road surface at higher speeds. The Opel Astra GTC uses a rack and pinion steering system with speed sensitive assistance. But in order to provide drivers with a more precise steering response, the system's electric motor was mounted directly on the steering rack, as opposed to the base of the steering column. At higher speeds, the power steering assistance is automatically reduced so that the driver can steer in a more precise fashion than with conventional power steering. The second important benefit is that, because it does not require an energy consuming hydraulic pump and responds directly to the amount of power needed at any speed, fuel consumption is also reduced.</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />Broad engine spectrum for new compact coupé<br />Since the start of orders, the new Opel Astra GTC has been available with a choice of five engines - a powerful 2.0 liter turbo diesel with 121 kW/165 hp alongside four agile gasoline engines with outputs from 74 kW/100 hp to the 1.6 turbo with 132 kW/180 hp. All engines are compliant with Euro-5. Apart from the entry-level gasoline version, all engines are combined with six-gear manual transmissions. Further high performance engines will be launched next year, including the 206 kW/280 hp OPC variant. The diesel spectrum will then be extended at the start of 2012 with further two engines: both are 1.7 liter CDTI variants, either as a 81 kW/110 hp or as a 96kW/130 hp version. They are equipped with fuel saving Start/Stop technology. Soon Opel will launch a new 121/165 hp diesel unit with a user-friendly six-gear automatic transmission.<br /><br />Nippy 1.6 turbo<br />Fans of sporty cars will appreciate the great sense of fun the 1.6 liter, 132 kW/180 hp engine has to offer. The nippy turbo ensures that the GTC can achieve a top speed of 220 km/h. It can accelerate the engine from zero to 100 km/h in just 8.3 seconds. The powerhouse boasts a maximum torque of 230 Newton meters with only 168 g/km in CO2 emissions. In order to cope with the higher operating temperatures which are typical in a turbo, the engine's outlet valves have been filled with sodium. In addition, the piston head has been fitted with splash oil cooling. Furthermore, a map-controlled thermostat increases the coolant temperature at lower revolutions. This improves the fluidity of the engine oil, while decreasing friction and reducing fuel consumption.<br /><br />Powerful and sporty two-liter diesel<br />The Common-Rail turbo diesel 2.0 CDTI engine has 121 kW/165 hp and maximum torque of 350 Newtonmeters. Thanks to the Overboost function, the sporty compact car can draw 380 Nm torque at short notice. The engine performance enables the car to accelerate from zero to 100 km/h in just 8.9 s. Its maximum speed is 210 km/h. The engine combines a powerful driving performance with a high level of economy. In fact, the average fuel consumption is a mere 4.8 liters on 100 kilometers. This is equivalent to 127 g/km of CO2 emissions. This 2.0 CDTI version of the Opel Astra GTC can travel more than 1.100 km on a tank of 56 liters. The Opel Start/Stop system which has its greatest fuel saving potential in town traffic is a standard feature.<br /><br />Optimized motor management ensures that the 2.0 CDTI engine can run efficiently in any condition. Cylinder pressure censors fitted to the spark plugs make this possible (Cleantech Combustion Technology) and ensure more precise combustion control. The new multiple injection system works at a pressure of 1.600 bar and delivers up to five injections per cycle. It refines the combustion process and hereby lowers the fuel consumption. The bearings used by the twin upper camshafts were improved by the Opel engineers which in turn reduces friction and saves fuel.<br /><br />Two new 1.7 CDTI models expand the spectrum in 2012<br />The diesel engine offering in the compact coupe segment will be complimented by two new 1.7 CDTI engines at the start of 2012. The Common-Rail direct injection engines deliver 81 kW/110 hp or 96 kW/130 hp and provide torque of 280 and 300 Nm respectively. The Start/Stop technology comes as a standard feature in the Opel Astra GTC 1.7 CDTI version. This means that carbon emissions are as low as 119 g/km and fuel consumption is only 4.5 liters on 100 km. The new motor management which was developed from scratch by Opel engineers delivers the highest level of efficiency and power in both engine models.<br /><br />Reduced compression and operating pressures of 1,800 bar ensure that the new injection system can deliver up to five injections per cycle. As well as it is the case for the 2.0 CDTI, a new turbo charger with variable blade geometry helps to maintain a low fuel consumption. The turbo charger has a very precise boost control thanks to an additional actuator censor.<br /><br />1.4 liter turbo gasoline engine: small displacement, lots of power<br />Both 1.4 liter turbo engines are available as 88kW/120 hp and as 103 kW/140 hp versions. The engines reach their maximum torque at between 1.850 and 4.200-1 (88 kW) or 4.900-1 (103 kW) respectively. At this level of torque they deliver great reserves of power and only consume 5.9 liters of fuel on 100 kilometers, with an output of 139 g/km in CO2 emissions. The turbo charged, four-cylinder engine has been fitted with Start/Stop technology as a basic feature. It also possesses a new engine control system to deliver even more precise combustion. There are two upper variable camshafts facing the in - and outlet side which control the four valves per cylinder. The variable opening and closing timings which are load dependent ensure that the torque is full bodied even at lower to medium revolutions. This means that the delivery of power is improved, while helping to save on fuel. The map controlled thermostat that improves the temperature management of the engine also helps to lower fuel consumption. The same can be said of the wider gear ratio with bigger spacing. A six-gear automatic will be available for the 140 hp variant starting in January 2012. The 74 kW/100 hp entry level gasoline unit is a 1.4 liter suction engine with a manual five-gear transmission. It only consumes 5.9 liters on 100 kilometers, equivalent to 139 g/km in CO2.<br /><br />Assistance systems for a safe and comfortable driving experience<br />The compact and sporty Opel Astra GTC is not only impressive because of its dynamic and striking looks: it has been designed to enable sporty driving and has been equipped with a string of innovative premium technologies to assist the driver. The assistance systems ensure that there is a sense of fun in the Astra GTC, while at the same time delivering a high degree of safety and comfort, if the driver has lapses of concentration or is loses focus.<br /><br />The basis for the driver assistance systems in the Opel Astra GTC is the more powerful, second generation of the "Opel Eye" front camera system. After two years of further development, it now has improved image processing thanks to its widened lens view and a more powerful multitasking high-performance computer. The camera case which sits at the base of the rear view mirror has been reduced by 35 per cent in size so that the driver visibility is increased.<br /><br />The engineers improved the Lane Departure Warning (LDW) that warns the driver both acoustically and visually by detecting lane markings and also optimized the Traffic Sign Assistant (TSA Gen II) which can identify even more road signs than the previous generation, including rectangular signs and dynamic signs such as LED light signals.<br /><br />In addition, the new "Opel Eye" front camera system enhances the Adaptive Light System (AFL+) by incorporating the Intelligent Light Ranging capability. It automatically adapts the range of the low beam headlights in order to provide the optimum lighting of the road at all times without dazzling other road users. The Following Distance Indication based on the front camera system helps the driver avoid collisions and fines for not maintaining the correct safety distance to the vehicle in front.<br /><br />Lane Departure Warning (LDW)<br />In the event of unintended lane departures, the Lane Departure Warning warns the driver both acoustically and visually by detecting lane markings. Opel engineers have further refined the system to minimize customer annoyance caused by false warnings. Based on the input from steering wheel movements, brake and acceleration motions, the system automatically recognizes a direct driver command. No warnings are provided when the indicator signal is used or at vehicle speeds below 55 km/h, in other words in typical city traffic where drivers often touch or cross lane markings.<br /><br />Traffic Sign Assistant (TSA Gen II)<br />The new generation "Opel Eye" front camera with the enhanced second generation Traffic Sign Assistant can identify even more road signs than the previous generation. In addition to typical European round signs for speed limits, the new front camera now also recognizes rectangular signs such as Autobahn, traffic-restricted zones and speed limit-related add-on signs with graphic symbols from a distance of up to 60 meters. Due to multiple exposure technology, the new "Opel Eye" increases its image processing power and can now also detect dynamic signs - for instance LED light signals located on bridges or at accident danger spots - which are often challenging for even human eyes to see.<br /><br />Advanced Forward Lighting (AFL+)<br />The Advanced Forward Lighting system AFL+ now also combines with the new generation of the Opel Eye front camera to offer an Intelligent Light Ranging (ILR) function which is automatically activated at speeds from 50 km/h. The front camera measures the distance to the vehicle ahead or to oncoming traffic and adapts the range of the low beam headlights in order to provide the optimum lighting of the road at all times without dazzling the other road users.<br /><br />Following Distance Indication (FDI)<br />The Following Distance Indication which is activated automatically at speeds from 40 km/h helps to prevent collisions and avoids possible fines for not maintaining the correct safety distance to the vehicle in front. The front camera system directly measures the distance to the vehicle ahead up to a distance of 90 meters. The central driver display shows the corresponding distance value in seconds: This is in line with the regulations in most European countries, which define the safety distance in terms of time, not meters. In Germany, for instance, the minimum distance is 1.8 seconds - equivalent to half the distance of the current speedometer reading in meters, e.g. 50 m when driving with a speed of 100 km/h.<br /><br />Dynamic and fun driving experience<br />There are two different configurations available in the new Astra GTC with the two variants, Enjoy and Sport. All the typical elements that ensure dynamic vehicle handling are standard across all the models. They include the 15 millimeter lower sports chassis, the exclusive HiPerStrut front suspension and the rear axle system including the Watt's link.<br /><br />The basic safety package includes the electronic stability program ESPPlus , the traction control TCPlus linked to the engine and brakes and the anti-lock braking system complete with bend brake controls and braking assistant. Further features include a comprehensive air bag system, active head rests for the front seats, the adaptive brake light and the Pedal Release System (PRS).<br /><br />The air conditioning system includes a particle filter and an activated carbon filter. The radio CD 300 comes as a standard feature as does the height and length adjustable steering column and the equally adjustable front seats, complete with easy-entry access and memory function. The rear seat back rests can be folded down forwards in a ratio of 60:40.<br /><br />The compact coupé is top of the class when it comes to environmental friendliness. The two-liter diesel engine has a particle filter that does not require maintenance. The gear shift recommendation reminding the driver to change up is a standard part of the dashboard in the variants with manual transmission.<br /><br />Well-equipped Sport edition<br />The Sport configuration comes complete with an attractive set of 18-inch aluminum wheels. Other features include a hill drive assistant as well as an on-board computer and speed control. The center armrest which is adjustable by sliding and front door ambient lights are practical and create a comfortable atmosphere. The steering wheel appears both high quality and sporty thanks to its partly perforated leather coating and chrome bracket. Also on board is the two-zone climate control system by which the driver and the co-pilot can each adjust the temperature to their own liking.<br /><br />Extras mean even more individuality<br />Customers can follow their individual tastes and desires by accessing a broad spectrum of optional extras for the Opel Astra GTC. Configurations have been turned into clear and sensible packages in order to aid the customer and make the choice more affordable. For example, the design package comprises light metal wheels, a fog light and the other conventional lighting fixtures. The OPC Line package comprises a bumper with a spoiler lip, a rear skirting lip and a side skirt. The OPC Line package Interior comes complete with a sports steering wheel, a leather gear stick, stainless steel pedals and a black headliner.<br /><br />The FlexRide chassis system has been tailored to the new Opel compact coupé. It includes the adaptive Drive Mode Control and three optional drive modes which are Standard, Sport (individually adjustable) and Tour. The front seats have the highest degree of flexibility in the segment in order to fit every style of driver. Maximum comfort and lateral support are guaranteed with the help of an ergonomic sports seat that can be adjusted in eight different positions. The seat which is available for the driver and co-pilot carries the quality seal from the German healthy back association "Aktion Gesunder Rücken e.V."<br /><br />One of the big innovative extras of the new Opel Astra GTC is the second-generation Opel Eye front camera with expanded functionality. The improved Lane Departure Warning is added to the enhanced Traffic Sign Recognition which can now identify even more of the traffic signs used in the EU and recognize rectangular signs. In addition, the latest version of the Advanced Forward Lighting (AFL) can be boosted with the Intelligent Light Ranging system (ILR) that uses the front camera from the Opel Eye to measure the distance from the vehicle ahead and adjust the headlamp low beam pattern. This helps the driver prevent collisions and fines if he fails to maintain the compulsory safety distance to the vehicles ahead.<br /><br />The infotainment offer includes the new "Navi 900 Europe" navigation system with SC card- based memory technology, including navigation and POI (point of interest) data for more than 30 European countries. It enables high-speed access and allows universal networking with mobile devices and digital media. Additional features include a log book function for each trip with USB download, automatic POI announcements and voice recognition for navigation, phone, radio and CD/USB controls. To deliver an absolutely premium sound, the new Opel Astra GTC offers the option of a special Infinity Sound System with seven premium loudspeakers and a subwoofer.<br /><br />New angles with panoramic windscreen<br />Customers who opt for the panoramic wind screen will treat their passengers to cinematic vistas. The large front windscreen stretches all the way to the middle of the car roof and gives the driver and the passengers an extraordinary visual, space and driving experience. In contrast to other glass roof solutions, in this case there is no transverse spar that reduces visibility. On the contrary, the roof boosts the roominess of the interior, thus improving the driving experience. The wind screen allows those on the inside not just to enjoy rays of sun but also dramatic cloud patterns or street illuminations at night. In contrast to other common glass roof solutions, in the Opel Astra GTC the driver, his co-pilot and the passengers in the rear are able to enjoy a vista, similar to what pilots experience under the light plane canopies. Opel was the first car maker in the world to offer this innovative glass technology in a production vehicle. In the 2006 Astra GTC predecessor this feature had its world debut.<br /><br />New Opel Astra GTC expected to inject even more passion and dynamism into brand<br /><br />The Opel Astra is the bestseller of the Opel product family. The tenth millionth Astra rolled off the assembly line in Bochum back in 2008. Since the launch of the latest Astra 5-door at the end of 2009, this model accounts for around a third of all Opel/Vauxhall sales. The compact station wagon, the Astra Sports Tourer, is the leader of its segment in Europe based on data from the first eight months of 2011. In several countries including Germany, the UK and Italy, it is the number one compact wagon (Jan-Sep 2011). The new Astra GTC is the ultimate Astra in terms of driving dynamics and the most dynamic expression of Opel's new design language. It is expected to inject even more passion into the brand and to make the Astra lineup even more desirable. Starting in November 2011, the new sporty compact coupé will be available at car dealers. Already more than 15,000 orders have been received since June 2011.<br /><br />Standalone member of Opel product family<br />The success story of the Opel Astra GTC began as the design study GTC Genève, which was presented at the 2003 Geneva motor show. Even at its design stage it was remarkably similar to the later production vehicle which was unveiled to the public in Paris a year later. It had its market debut in spring 2005.<br /><br />Even at its experimental stage, the vehicle was equipped with a panoramic windscreen. In 2006, Opel became the first car maker in the world to offer this as a basic feature in a production vehicle. In contrast to many other coupés which are merely a 3-door variant of their 5-door hatchback counterparts, the first generation Astra GTC was already a standalone model in its own right within the Opel product spectrum. The most striking design features include its sporty proportions and its flat, elongated silhouette as well as its curved roof outline that is full of verve. The arrow-like sweep of the front and rear are equally striking.<br /><br />Many coupé fans could not resist the charms of the racy 3-door car. So Opel was able to sell more than 400.000 Astra GTCs across Europe. The biggest portion went to the United Kingdom. At least 106.000 right-hand-drive compact coupés have been sold there as vehicles from the Vauxhall sister brand. Germany represents the second biggest market for the Opel Astra GTC (70.500 sales), followed by Spain, Russia, Italy and France. The year 2006 has been the most successful year for the GTC to date with more than 90.000 sales across Europe. These results underscore the reputation of the Astra GTC as "an affordable dream car" and help position Opel as the German car brand with the biggest emotional impact.<br /><br />Exclusive: Patented panoramic windscreen<br />In 2006, the production of the Opel Astra GTC complete with panoramic windscreen began, making it a first for the industry. Until today, it is the only 3-door coupé with this exclusive configuration. Eighteen-thousand European Astra GTC customers have opted for this extraordinary system which is exclusive to the Astra GTC within the Astra family. The windscreen gives the compact coupé a dynamic and racy edge. The large screen at the front that stretches all the way to the halfway point of the roof creates a special visual sensation and a sense of space, in addition to an extraordinary driving experience. In contrast to other glass roof solutions, in this case there is no transverse spar that reduces visibility. This means that the driver, the co-pilot and the passengers in the rear are able to enjoy a vista, similar to what pilots experience under the light plane canopies. So overall, the new Opel Astra GTC combines the very best of Opel design with dynamic handling and exclusive features such as the panoramic windscreen.<br />classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-17618844476102721282013-07-16T03:02:00.001-07:002013-07-16T03:02:37.051-07:00Noble M400, 2004<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<li> <b>Noble M400, 2004</b></li>
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<br />Anyone who has driven a Noble M12 on a race circuit attest to the car's polished handling, user-friendly nature and - of course - its vivid performance. But there's an irony here, because the M12 was always designed as a comfortable and breathtakingly fast road car first, with track-day competence thrown in as a bonus.<br /><br />This has led Noble Automotive to develop the M400, a car that takes full advantage of the scope left in the M12's chassis and engine for drivers who seek even more focus in their performance and dynamics. With a power to weight ratio of 400bhp per tonne (hence the name), the M400 is not only substantially more powerful than the other cars in the M12 range, but it also showcases a variety of unique features not seen in other Nobles.<br /><br />At £55,995, the M400 is not only one of the fastest production cars of its type, but its chassis - which in standard M12 form uniquely marries high-speed composure with low-speed ride compliance - has now been sharpened to give the driver even greater control of the car at speed.<br /><br />But none of this has been achieved at the expense of the M400's road manners. Thanks to completely new, highly sophisticated dampers, the M400 has lost little of the M12's ride quality, which means that it is still as usable as any other M12 on the public road. Make no mistake, the M400 is so much more than just a 'track-day special'.<br /><br />ENGINE & DRIVETRAIN<br />425bhp, 390lb ft<br />High-lift camshafts<br />Forged pistons<br />Larger turbochargers<br />Bespoke engine map<br />Oil cooler<br />Improved engine cooling<br />Larger-capacity, baffled oil sump<br />New gearshift mechanism<br /><br />At the heart of the M400 is the 3.0-litre, 24-valve V6 engine that can be found in the current M12 range. However, power is now increased by 21 per cent to 425bhp and torque by 11 per cent to 390lb ft.<br /><br />Internally, the engine has been modified with higher-lift cams and forged, rather than cast pistons, for extra strength. The forged pistons have been included as a safety feature for the engine, rather than out of necessity: in fact, the development car that spawned the M400 has covered many thousands of reliable miles on cast pistons with an even higher output than the production M400. Add to this the usual tuning recipe that goes into each and every Noble engine, and owners can be assured of plenty of durable high-performance.<br /><br />The M400 retains the twin-turbocharged arrangement of the standard GTO-3 and 3R models, but now has a brace of larger Garrett T28 turbochargers, which produce maximum boost at 0.85bar, replacing the standard cars' T25s. A revised fuel pump and larger injectors cater for the M400's improved performance.<br /><br />Working with leading automotive engineers, Roush Technologies, Noble has developed a bespoke engine map for the M400, which makes full use of the power and torque available in the mid- to top-end of the rev-range, allowing the 3.0-litre V6 to pull strongly right up to its 7200rpm limiter. The maximum 425bhp of power is now produced at 6500rpm (300rpm up on other models) and the maximum 390lb ft of torque at 5000rpm, with 75 per cent of this figure available from just 3500rpm.<br /><br />Since Noble expects a majority of M400 owners to drive or compete with their cars on race circuits, it has also incorporated the following as standard:<br />+ Air-cooled oil cooler<br />+ Enlarged side air-scoops for improved engine bay cooling<br />+ Enlarged front air-intakes to allow a greater volume of air into the radiator<br />+ A single, dual-function oil pressure/oil temperature gauge, located next to the turbo-boost gauge on the dash-centre (the location of the pre-production press car's gauge differs slightly)<br />+ A baffled 'track-day' oil sump with larger, 8.5-litre capacity, which is a cost option on other Noble models.<br /><br />Completing the drivetrain upgrades is a completely new gearshift mechanism for the six-speed manual gearbox, which uses low-maintenance, dry-running polymer bearings. The gearlever is now mounted slightly higher in the cabin and moves through a far quicker and more precise gate than before, making committed driving on circuit or road a pleasure.<br /><br />CHASSIS<br />High-performance dampers and springs<br />Revised steering rack allowing more lock<br />Softer-compound, road/race tyres<br />Front anti-roll bar<br />Reduced kerbweight<br />Revised brake bias valving<br /><br />Noble has targeted three key areas while developing the M400's chassis:<br />1. To improve levels of grip at high speeds without losing the inherently progressive breakaway characteristics for which the standard 3R is renowned;<br />2. To build in even greater degrees of body composure as the car approaches its limits, making it more predictable and controllable on the road and track;<br />3. To closely approach the on-road ride quality of the standard M12.<br /><br />In order to achieve this, Noble started by replacing the 3R model's dampers with highly sophisticated, bespoke Dynamic Suspensions units, supplied by Multimatic Technical Centre Europe. These coil-over dampers were chosen after objective testing on Multimatic's 4-post test rig, followed by subjective evaluation on road and track, including Germany's famous Nurburgring.<br /><br />The dampers are monotube units, featuring an impact-extruded aluminium body to minimise weight, and have 45mm sintered pistons and 14mm shafts, incorporating a proprietary low friction-sealing system to optimise performance. Damping levels are fixed, though a threaded external body does allow the M400's ride height to be adjusted, if required. As with all Nobles, double wishbones are fitted all round.<br /><br />Complementing the Dynamics dampers is a revised steering rack, which allows a further 0.8 of a turn between locks, while retaining the same ratio found on other Nobles (to make this possible, the footwell has been re-designed and is now double-skinned, adding further strength to the car's structure). There are now 2.5 turns from lock to lock (standard M12: 1.7 turns) which gives drivers potentially more control if the car is oversteering on a track. Naturally, this revision has also allowed improved manoeuvrability at lower speeds.<br /><br />All Nobles are famed for their phenomenal roadholding, but the M400 raises the bar even higher. Replacing the M12 model's Bridgestone SO-3 tyres, are Pirelli P-Zero Corsas of identical size. The Pirellis are directional and asymmetric in design and their softer compound offers increased levels of grip and steering feel. The M400's high-speed control has also been enhanced by the Pirelli's stronger sidewalls, which have a high resistance to flex under extreme cornering forces.<br /><br />The M400 is the first Noble production car to use an anti-roll bar (ARB), which is fitted to the front suspension only. Designed in-house, the ARB weighs just 6kgs, thanks to hollow components which have been laser-cut and CNC-machined. While no road-going Noble has ever been fitted with an ARB before, Martin Short's Rollcentre team is currently using the factory-designed system on its GT Cup Noble M12 this season, and is convinced of its worth under race conditions.<br /><br />In order to arrive at the M400's 400bhp per tonne power to weight ratio, Noble has managed to shave 20kgs from the M12's already slender kerbweight by removing the air conditioning pump and its assorted plumbing. While air conditioning is a cost option on the standard 3R model, no cars have left the factory without it, hence its inclusion in the 3R's kerbweight figure. However, Noble anticipates that M400 owners will be more likely to forgo this feature in favour of a superior power to weight ratio. Air conditioning will remain a cost option on the M400.<br /><br />Brakes are 330mm diameter discs all round, with four-pot callipers, taken from the current M12 range. The M400 adds a revised pressure control valve, which sends more bias to the rear brakes.<br /><br />INTERIOR<br />Full Alacantara trim<br />New Sparco multi-adjustable race seats<br />Four-point race harnesses<br />Oil temp/pressure gauge<br /><br />In keeping with the M400's 'race-car meets road-car' remit, all models trimmed throughout in high-quality black Alcantara and fitted with all-new Sparco race seats. The seats themselves are trimmed in a hardwearing black jaquard fabric, and fitted with an anti-slip cushion, as well as removable backrest and under-thigh pads. Both seats are fore and aft adjustable, and can be tilted backwards and forwards for maximum comfort. As with all Nobles, the steering column can also be adjusted for reach.<br /><br />Bearing in mind that the M400 popular among circuit drivers, Noble has moved both seats in towards the centre of the car by 15mm to allow more headroom at the side of, and above, occupants' heads, especially if they're wearing crash helmets. This re-positioning has also removed the slight pedal offset found in standard M12s. All M400s come as standard with four-point race harnesses, as well as a conventional inertia-reel safety belt for road use.<br /><br />While the basic dash architecture be familiar to current M12 owners, the M400's cabin also receives a combined oil temperature and pressure gauge incorporated into the central switch-panel and 'M400' badging on the steering wheel boss.<br /><br />EXTERIOR<br />'M400' badging<br />Anthracite-coloured alloy wheels<br />Anthracite-coloured rear wing supports<br />Larger front and side scoops<br />'M400' graphics<br /><br />The M400 is instantly identifiable from the outside by its black or red (depending upon body colour) graphics running along each door, and its anthracite-coloured wheels and rear-wing supports. No other Noble goes like it - or looks like it.<br /><br />'M400' badging adorns the rear panel and the car is also defined visually by larger air-scoops at the side and the front (see Engine & Drivetrain).<br /><br />Body colours for the M400 are:<br />Monza red (with black graphics)<br />Portofino Blue metallic (with red graphics)<br />Diamond Black metallic (with red graphics)<br />Larch Silver metallic (with red graphics)<br />Azure Blue metallic (with red graphics)<br />Titanium metallic (with red graphics)</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-12505775532227949012013-07-13T01:27:00.001-07:002013-07-13T01:27:33.510-07:00Morgan Aero Coupe, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Morgan Aero Coupe, 2012</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />The Morgan Aero Coupe is an advanced supercar designed for practical long distance touring. The strong and rigid vehicle is inspired by the GT3 Aero that has enjoyed a number of racing victories. The enclosed cockpit of the Coupe body style takes the Aero experience onto the next level in terms of comfort with a large and secure boot in the rear for luggage.<br /><br />Constructed entirely from aluminium which is a third of the weight of steel, the Morgan Aero Coupe combines performance with environmental responsibility and a high level of safety. The fixed roof and enclosed cabin give a sense of security and silence which is only interrupted by the intoxicating purr of the BMW V8. A stiff aluminium chassis cradles the 4.8 litre BMW V8 engine and the 6 speed manual or automatic transmission. The individual alloy parts are formed from tooling and hand assembled by skilled craftsmen at the foot of the Malvern hills. The pioneering Aero platform continues to demonstrate British engineering at its very best and over 1000 examples of this technology are in regular use by drivers around the world.<br /><br />A Morgan Aero Coupe is a car that is designed to be durable with proven chemical coating and treatments of the rigid bonded chassis and body. Following research by the company on the road, the race track and in automotive laboratories the design of this versatile platform has been consistently improved and re-engineered. Now the Morgan Motor Company is a class leader in this chassis and car body technology.<br /><br />The cockpit of the Morgan Aero Coupe is a delightful place to be. The sensation of speed is exaggerated by the enticing view down the elegant bonnet. The view to the rear makes the car easy to manoeuvre and to park. Every detail is special to Morgan and is a pleasure to behold. Ash hardwood surrounding the cockpit and doors can be hand polished in a colour of your choosing. The controls are luxurious to touch. The leather work is stitched with twin needles and combined with suede effect panels for contrast and a dynamic sporty feel. Pressure point reclining seats support the occupants strongly and great care has been taken to ensure that the driver has a masterful position from which to control the car. Reliability is ensured with the BMW V8 and a six speed automatic transmission. This can be operated in two modes, 'Sport' and 'Auto'. In 'Sport' mode the engine holds its gear to 6500 rpm and 'blips' the throttle before making a down shift. The power to weight ratio is around 320 bhp per tonne and a 0-62 mph (0-100 km/h) of 4.5 seconds combined with a top speed of 170 mph (273 km/h) is effortlessly achievable. The Morgan Aero Coupe comes with a full specification as standard. A powerful standard sound system creates audio definition as crisp as the lines of the exterior. However the Morgan Aero Coupe can also be customized to a person's individual taste and the choices are virtually inexhaustible.<br /><br />Technical Specification<br /> Manual Transmission<br /> Engine: 4799 cc v8<br /> Max power: 270 kW (367 bhp) or 291 kW (390 bhp) with sports exhaust<br /> Max torque: 490 Nm (370 lb/ft)<br /> Power to Weight: 311 bhp/tonne or 330 bhp/tonne with sports exhaust<br /> Performance: 0-62 mph (100 km/h) in 4.5 seconds<br /> Top speed: 170 mph (273 km/h)<br /> Fuel tank: 55 litres<br /> Fuel consumption<br /> Urban: 16 mpg (18.2 l / 100km)<br /> Extra urban: 32 mpg (8.7 l / 100km)<br /> Combined: 23 mpg (12.1 l / 100km)<br /> CO2: 282 g/km<br /> Chassis: Aluminium bonded and riveted<br /><br /> Dimensions<br /> Length: 4147 mm<br /> Width: 1751 mm<br /> Height: 1248 mm<br /> Dry weight: 1175 kg<br /><br /> Automatic Transmission<br /> Engine: 4799 cc v8<br /> Max power: 270 kW (368 bhp) 291 kW (390 bhp) with sports exhaust<br /> Max torque: 490 Nm (370 lb/ft)<br /> Power to weight: 312 bhp / tonne<br /> Performance: 0-62 mph (100 km/h) in 4.2 seconds<br /> Top speed 170 mph (273 kph)<br /> Fuel tank: 55 litres<br /> Fuel consumption<br /> Urban: 17 mpg (16.4 l / 100km)<br /> Extra urban: 36 mpg (7.9 l / 100km)<br /> Combined: 26 mpg (11.0 l / 100km)<br /> CO2: 256 g/km<br /> Chassis: Aluminium bonded and riveted<br /> Dimensions<br /> Length: 4147 mm<br /> Width: 1751 mm<br /> Height: 1248 mm<br /> Dry weight: 1180 kg</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-71670705513134632292013-07-12T01:27:00.001-07:002013-07-12T01:27:12.941-07:00Mitsubishi i-MiEV US Version, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Mitsubishi i-MiEV US Version, 2012</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />Building on the company's more than 35 years of involvement in advanced electric vehicle development, Mitsubishi Motors has unveiled its first all-electric production vehicle bound for the North American market - the Mitsubishi i.<br /><br />Based on the very popular gasoline-powered Mitsubishi i minicar in the Japanese market, this roomy and practical four-door 2012 model serves as the basis for the new 100% battery-powered Mitsubishi i for the North American market. The zero tailpipe emission Mitsubishi i will be the first North American production vehicle to be powered by Mitsubishi innovative Electric Vehicle (MiEV) technology - cutting edge drivetrain engineering that will serve as the basis for future ultra-environmentally-friendly vehicles from the company. Gone are conventional automotive systems including a gasoline engine, transmission and a fuel tank, having been replaced by advanced components including a lithium-ion battery system, electric motor and an efficient battery charging system in the all-new Mitsubishi i. This electric vehicle has already proved itself a viable and reliable form of transportation as Mitsubishi has been selling the car in its home market since the summer of 2009; production has already commenced for the European-spec i-MiEV.<br /><br />Mitsubishi anticipates an initial roll out of the Mitsubishi i to its dealership network in the western United States (specifically California, Oregon, Washington and Hawaii) in November 2011, with entry into the northeastern market to follow by March 2012 and nationwide availability by the end of 2012. The vehicle's MSRP is expected to be around $30,000, not including Federal and available state financial incentives.<br /><br />The new production Mitsubishi i bound for the North American market further differentiates itself from its Japanese- and European-spec versions with a retooled, larger body to provide even more interior comfort for four adults, along with new North American-spec bumpers front and rear for enhanced protection in the event of a collision. Other noteworthy safety measures on the North American-spec vehicle include airbags that protect passengers and control deployment force, Active Stability Control (ASC) and a Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) - all included as standard equipment.<br /><br />Easier on the Environment<br />Its extremely efficient all-electric powertrain, the Mitsubishi i produces zero on-road CO2, making it a zero emissions vehicle. What's more, when factoring in the CO2 emissions produced by the power plants that generated the electricity that provides the energy for the Mitsubishi i, this revolutionary Mitsubishi production car only produces about 30% of the CO2 emitted by the 660cc gasoline engine that powers the non-electric-version of the car in its home market. And the reduction in CO2 becomes even more statistically significant considering that the 660cc gasoline engine found in the Japanese market is only about one-third of the displacement of the typical four-cylinder gasoline engine powering cars in the North American market.<br /><br />Additional energy efficiency can be wrung from the "i" model's electric powertrain thanks to Eco (Economy) and Brake driving modes that supplement the vehicle's standard Drive mode. The Eco mode limits excessive power usage from reaching the motor while the Brake mode increases the resistance of the regenerative braking system (especially when driving downhill) to feed even more energy back into the car's bank of lithium-ion batteries.<br /><br />Low Cost "Fuel" Source<br />The operating cost per mile of the electrical-powered Mitsubishi i is significantly cheaper than that of a comparable gasoline-powered vehicle. In Japan, the operating cost is only 1/3 that of the 660cc gasoline engine-powered version of the car, and the operating cost can drop even more significantly than that of its internal-combustion sibling by taking advantage of reduced electricity rates by recharging during nighttime or off-peak hours.<br /><br />Clever Design = Spacious Accommodations, Outstanding Safety<br />Thanks to the vehicle's excellent packaging and engineering in relation to its size, this uniquely styled automobile provides an excellent level of safety, ample room for four adults plus handy cargo space.<br /><br />How can a small car possess such ample interior volume? Mitsubishi engineers have cleverly placed the high-capacity lithium-ion batteries beneath the floor, and the electric motor, inverter and battery charger have been located behind and below the rear passenger area. This setup also has the added benefit of lowering the vehicle's center of gravity. Along with the wheels being placed at the farthest corners of the vehicle, this gives the Mitsubishi i exceptional stability along with surprisingly agile handling.<br /><br />Advanced Electric Powertrain<br />The power system consists of a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor and a high energy density lithium-ion battery pack that consists of 88 cells (22 modules, 4 battery cells per module) for a maximum battery capacity of 16 kWh. The battery modules can be installed either transversely or vertically; this packaging flexibility allows them to be stored underneath the cabin floor. All 88 cells reside within an extremely sturdy stainless steel capsule to provide maximum protection.<br /><br />The Mitsubishi i also features a groundbreaking three-way battery charging system that allows the vehicle to be charged using the onboard household charger through either 110V (15A) or 220V (15A) power sources or by a quick-charger system that utilizes a three-phase 220V power supply. The charging times from a very low battery to completely full are approximately 8 hours at 220V and 16 hours at 110V. The three-phase 220V quick-charger can take a low battery all the way up to an 80% battery charge in under a remarkably fast 30 minutes. The three-phase quick-charger makes use of a special outlet that is accessible on the driver's side of the vehicle, while the onboard household charger's outlet is located on the passenger side of the Mitsubishi i.<br /><br />Strategic Research and Logistical Partners<br />The Mitsubishi i has undergone several years of exhaust testing and evaluation not only internally by the Japanese auto manufacturer but with several other institutions, including seven utility companies in Japan, as well as prototype evaluation programs with major United States utilities Southern California Edison, Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), Portland General Electric and the Tennessee Valley Authority.<br /><br />And in an effort to help expand and improve the logistical side of the electric vehicle ownership experience, Mitsubishi has teamed with corporate titans including consumer electronics retailer Best Buy and leading power management company Eaton Corporation. Best Buy, through its 20,000-plus strong employees in its Geek Squad division, has partnered to provide site analysis and work to manage installation of a Level 2 Charging Station it will sell through its stores for Mitsubishi i owners to use in their own homes. Designed and manufactured by Eaton - a company that has more than 20 years of experience in developing electrical and hybrid power systems for commercial vehicles - this 220V charging station will cut the time it takes to charge the car's batteries in half when compared to a standard 110V electrical outlet.<br /><br />Mitsubishi i specifications (North American Version)<br /> Overall length: 144.8"<br /> Overall width: 62.4"<br /> Overall height: 63.6"<br /> Track<br /> Front: 55.9"<br /> Rear: 54.3"<br /> Wheelbase: 100.4"<br /> Number of passengers: 4<br /> Vehicle weight: 2584 lbs.<br /> Motor output: 63 hp<br /> Motor torque: 133 lb.-ft<br /> Battery system: 330V lithium-ion<br /> Drive mode: Mid-engine, rear-wheel drive</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-5629292432392224772013-07-11T02:41:00.000-07:002013-07-11T02:41:02.824-07:00Mini Bayswater, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Mini Bayswater, 2012</b></li>
</ul>
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<br />The MINI Bayswater wears its inherent sporting élan and extrovert style very much on its sleeve. The Kite Blue metallic exterior paintwork was created exclusively for the special-edition model, as was the interior design and 17-inch light-alloy Sandblast wheels with high-gloss black surfaces and bright machined rim and spoke edges. Midnight Black metallic and Eclipse Grey metallic paint shades can be ordered for the MINI Cooper S and MINI Cooper SD as an alternative to the new, radiant Blue finish. The sporty appearance of the MINI Bayswater is emphasised by the black contrasting roof and the likewise newly created Sport Stripes for the bonnet, which streak dynamically towards the windscreen. The exterior mirror caps carry an identical stripe design - blue on the right-hand side of the car, grey on the left.<br /><br />"Bayswater" lettering adorns the side indicator surrounds, door sills and seat tags. The Punch Leather seats come in the exclusive colour variant Rocklite Anthracite and include side bolsters sporting a metallic sheen and blue and grey contrast stitching. Two-tone contrast stitching also adorns the gearshift/selector lever and handbrake gaiters.<br /><br />Other innovative design features in the interior include Piano Black cockpit trim strips, which continue the path set by the Sport Stripes over the bonnet, and the leather Colour Line elements in Rocklite Anthracite, whose classy character is emphasised by black stitching. The same leather variant is also used for the armrests, while the model-specific floor mats have anthracite-coloured edging and blue contrast stitching.<br /><br />The MINI Bayswater also comes with stainless steel pedals and the Chrome Line Interior package, and includes the Pepper Pack in its range of equipment. Plus, the new special edition can likewise be specified with a wide variety of items from the optional equipment list if further individual touches are desired.<br /><br />In keeping with its sporting charisma, the MINI Bayswater lines up for action with powerful engines at its fingertips. Customers can order their MINI Bayswater in MINI Cooper (90 kW/122 hp), MINI Cooper S (135 kW/184 hp), MINI Cooper D (82 kW/112 hp) or MINI Cooper SD (105 kW/143 hp) trim. The special-edition model is also delivered with a six-speed manual gearbox as standard, while a six-speed automatic features in the options range.<br /><br />The MINI Bayswater takes its name from an extremely vibrant area of London. Located to the west of the city centre - halfway between the shopping hot spots of Knightsbridge and Notting Hill - Bayswater is best known for its unusually high density of bars and restaurants, not to mention the adjacent and no less famous Hyde Park. MINI is therefore returning to the London theme to further accentuate the link with both its home country and the fascination surrounding the London lifestyle. Indeed, both the MINI Bayswater and MINI Baker Street are following in the tyre tracks of a naming tradition begun by the classic Mini and reprised more recently with the MINI Camden, MINI Mayfair and MINI Clubman Hampton special editions.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-87046400050748452412013-07-10T02:55:00.001-07:002013-07-10T02:55:50.356-07:00MG TF, 2010<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>MG TF, 2010</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />In the summer of 2009, two new MGs were being launched to join the highly successful MG TF LE500; the affordable MG TF 135 and a unique new MG that is being produced to mark the 85th Anniversary of the brand, the MG TF 85th Anniversary.<br /><br />New Entry Level MG TF 135<br />The greatly anticipated MG TF 135 will be launched shortly and is sure to appeal to motorists who want sports car fun at a highly competitive price. Good levels of trim and equipment including a Clarion ICE system, combine with a price tag that will broaden its appeal and bring it within the budget of many more people. The TF 135 will hit showrooms shortly, offering all the fun and appeal of a convertible sports car at a highly affordable £13,511 OTR.<br /><br />Unique Anniversary Car<br />A unique MG TF is being launched to mark the 85th Anniversary of the MG brand. The MGTF 85th Anniversary will be a great looking car with fantastic handling.<br /><br />Available in three special colours overlaid with striking graphics and a new design of alloy wheel, from the outside the car looks sensational. The cabin is stunning too as the specialist graphics continue with monogrammed sill finishers and gear knob which complement new stylish Aubergine leather trim and a high quality ICE system.<br /><br />Apart from the stunning look, the new TF 85th Anniversary model also benefits from a ride and handling package that's tuned to make this car unique to drive. Bilstein suspension, Eibach anti roll system, lower ride height, an all new anti torsion pack and a modified wheel set up on Rimstock 'Twisted Pepper' style wheels give the 85th Anniversary edition a grown up feel and very precise handling at high speeds.<br /><br />The car launched at £15,664 on the road which, again, after the Government's scrappage scheme deduction will make the TF 85th a competitive £13,664.<br /><br />The New MG Family<br />With the fully loaded and highly specified MG TF LE500, the extremely affordable MG TF 135 and the tightly handling MG 85th Anniversary, MG now offers a family of cars that give existing owners looking for something new, as well as prospective customers who just want to enjoy British mid engined, top down sports car driving, some real choices.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-51641243206161649212013-07-09T01:47:00.002-07:002013-07-09T01:47:30.171-07:00Mercedes-Benz A-Class AMG Sport, 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Mercedes-Benz A-Class AMG Sport, 2013</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />Mercedes-Benz has started completely afresh for the third generation of its compact front-wheel drive A-Class. The latest Mercedes-Benz A-Class is based on all-new vehicle architecture and assembly techniques and introduces sportier and more dynamic design with greater emotional appeal. It is powered by an updated family of turbo-charged direct-injection petrol and diesel engines delivering up to 211 hp with CO2 emissions as low as 98 g/km.<br /><br />The new A-Class is available with Mercedes-Benz' first double-clutch seven-speed automatic transmission (7G-DCT), and the range also advances the company's policy of ensuring that as many people as possible enjoy the protection of advanced safety features, with the innovative Collision Prevention Assist headlining a comprehensive list of active and passive protection features fitted as standard.<br /><br />The new Mercedes-Benz A-Class is the second model in what will eventually become a family of compact front-drive cars from Mercedes-Benz, which began with the latest B-Class. But while the B-Class is focused on family usage, providing the space of a much larger saloon within a compact-car footprint, the A-Class has a more dynamic role to play, as is evident in its dramatic styling.<br /><br />Mercedes-Benz has also introduced a new 2.0-litre direct-injection turbo-charged petrol engine to its Mercedes-Benz A-Class range generating 211 hp - sufficient to propel the car from zero to 62 mph in 6.6 seconds and on to a 149 mph top speed. This is standard with the exclusive range-topping Engineered by AMG specification, as is the 7G-DCT double-clutch automatic transmission, along with AMG-inspired styling, trim, equipment and chassis tuning.<br /><br />Two new diesel engines also make their debut in the third-generation A-Class, giving the car potential fuel economy of 74.3 mpg with CO2 emissions down to 98 g/km.<br /><br />At the other end of the spectrum, the 2.2-litre 220 CDI engine generates 170 hp and 350 Nm of torque. In conjunction with the standard 7G-DCT transmission, it accelerates the A-Class from 0-62 mph in 8.2 seconds. It meets the EU 6 emissions standard not due to come into force until 2015, while posting a combined fuel economy of 64.2 mpg and CO2 emissions of just 115 g/km, demonstrating that with the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class, performance and efficiency are not mutually exclusive.<br /><br />Designers and engineers are rarely given the luxury of a completely blank sheet of paper when starting work on a new car, yet that is precisely the opportunity Mercedes-Benz engineers were given for the new A-Class. Longer, wider and lower than the previous two versions, the latest model is a more emotive and dynamically engaging car that's little changed from the radical Concept A-Class given a wildly enthusiastic reception at the 2011 Shanghai Auto Show.<br /><br />It is a progressive and highly sculpted five-door two-box model, now based on a monocoque construction rather than the sandwich floor assembly of the previous two generations. This not only dramatically reduces the overall height of the car, but it also lowers the seating position of the occupants by 174 mm, which in turn brings down the centre of gravity by 24 mm to allow much more dynamic and agile driving characteristics. These are even more emphatic in the 15 mm lower AMG Sport and specifically tuned Engineered by AMG versions.<br /><br />The exterior cleverly mixes sharp edges and tautly drawn convex and concave surfaces which seem to constantly change with the angle of the light, particularly along the sides. The long, bold front leads into a pronounced V-shape, culminating in the radiator grille with the central Mercedes-Benz star between double slats, or a single slat dividing a unique diamond grille in the Engineered by AMG version. The headlamps and the light functions within them are key elements of the design concept.<br /><br />The design emphasises the class-leading aerodynamics of the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class, with its drag coefficient of Cd 0.27. This is especially apparent in the smooth arc of the roof, which finishes in a flat edge, and a spoiler which conveniently hides the aerials. The tailgate is another interplay of convex and concave surfaces which further demonstrates the interaction between design and aerodynamics: the surface of the tail lights improves airflow around the car through defined break-away edges.<br /><br />The interior of the A-Class represents a dramatic step forward in the quality of materials used, as well as the consistency of design. The front of the cabin adopts an aviation-inspired theme, with the dashboard shaped like the wing of an aircraft and the round air vents reminiscent of jet engines. Meticulous attention to detail is apparent everywhere, from the 'cool touch' real metal electroplated trim embellishers to the free-standing display screen with a black piano lacquer-look front panel and a flush-fitting silver frame.<br /><br />The rear provides generous room for three passengers, despite looking as though it has only two individual seats. A 341-litre luggage area can be expanded to 1,157 litres with the rear seats folded. In all models the seat backrests are split 2/3:1/3.<br /><br />Altogether, there are seven direct-injection turbo-charged engine options in the new A-Class, all characterised by high specific outputs, flexible performance thanks to strong torque across a wide rev range, outstanding efficiency and excellent refinement.<br /><br />The new 211 hp 2.0-litre petrol unit (A 250 BlueEFFICIENCY) and the new 109 hp 1.5-litre (A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY) and 170 hp 2.2-litre (A 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY) turbodiesels, there are two further petrol units (A 180 BlueEFFICIENCY and A 200 BlueEFFICIENCY) and two more diesels (A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY 7G-DCT and A 200 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY), which were introduced with the latest B-Class. All engines feature ECO start/stop as standard.<br /><br />The A 180 BlueEFFICIENCY is powered by a 1.6-litre 122 hp engine, while the A 200 BlueEFFICIENCY uses a 156 hp version. The diesel engines are 1.8-litre units; a 109 hp option is fitted in conjunction with the 7G-DCT transmission in the A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, and a 136 hp variant in the A 200 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY.<br /><br />A six-speed manual gearbox is standard with the A 180, A 200, the 1.5-litre A 180 CDI and the A 200 CDI, while the A 250, the 1.8-litre A 180 CDI and the A 220 CDI have the 7G-DCT transmission. This is an option with the A 180, A 200 and A 200 CDI. Fuel consumption has been reduced by up to 35 per cent compared with the preceding models, despite considerable power increases.<br /><br />The petrol engines are all-aluminium M 270 turbo-charged direct-injection 16-valve four-cylinder units. They are extremely versatile engines which are already being phased into larger Mercedes-Benz models to help bring down fuel consumption and emissions. They employ technology first introduced in 2010 with the ultra-modern BlueDIRECT V6 and V8 engines for the S-Class. The combustion process is based on third-generation Mercedes-Benz direct- injection technology with highly precise, multiple piezo-injections.<br /><br />With the exception of the new 1.5-litre engine, now in its sixth generation and specially adapted by Mercedes-Benz for use in the A-Class, the diesel engines are developments of the OM 651 fourth-generation 2.2-litre four-cylinder unit premiered in 2008. Since then the OM 651 has been setting standards for performance, torque, economy, emissions and smooth running. It is in more widespread use than any other Mercedes-Benz diesel engine.<br /><br />The instantaneous response of the engines and the slick operation of the six-speed manual and triple-mode (Economy, Sport and Manual) 7G-DCT transmissions in the new A-Class is complemented by the agile chassis, which features a four-link rear axle, electro-mechanical power steering, powerful all-round disc brakes and advanced driver assistance functions such as specially tuned ESP® Electronic Stability Control.<br /><br />There are three different suspension tunings, with a comfort set-up for standard, SE and Sport models, a sportier 15 mm lower arrangement for AMG Sport variants and the ultimate AMG-tuned system in the A 250 BlueEFFICIENCY Engineered by AMG.<br /><br />All benefit from the more dynamic new proportions and lower centre of gravity of the latest Mercedes-Benz A-Class. During development, the engineers made intensive use of the driving simulators at the Mercedes-Benz development centre in Sindelfingen to create a digital profile of the driving dynamics of the new A-Class. This enabled them to achieve the right balance of agility, nimbleness, stability and comfort required for each version before a single prototype had been built.<br /><br />In keeping with every new model introduction from Mercedes-Benz, the latest A-Class extends the protection afforded by advanced safety technology to as many people as possible by offering features that are the preserve of only the most expensive cars from some brands.<br /><br />In the A-Class, this starts with an extremely robust body shell incorporating extensive areas of high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels for rigidity with lightness, and includes the innovative radar-based accident warning system, Collision Prevention Assist, which is fitted as standard. This gives visual and audible warnings to alert a distracted driver to the possibility of a nose-to-tail collision, and prepares the standard Adaptive Brake Assist feature for the most effective braking response as soon as the driver hits the brake pedal.<br /><br />The Attention Assist feature to recognise and alert a drowsy driver is also standard, along with Adaptive Brake Assist incorporating Hold and, on manual models, Hill-Start Assist. This primes the brakes for maximum stopping effect in a possible emergency, adds to convenience by holding a stationary car without the driver having to keep a foot on the brake pedal and prevents the car from rolling backwards when setting off on uphill gradients. Seven airbags, including a driver's knee airbag, and an Active Bonnet to provide additional pedestrian protection are also fitted to every Mercedes-Benz A-Class as standard.<br /><br />Available features include Lane-Keeping Assist and Blind Spot Assist, Speed Limit Assist, Active Park Assist with Parktronic, Distronic Plus autonomous acceleration and braking to maintain a gap to the car ahead, the Mercedes-Benz Intelligent Light system and the anticipatory Pre-Safe® occupant protection feature.<br /><br />The new A-Class is optionally available with COMAND Online in-car internet services, and in 2013 it offered with seamless integration of the Apple iPhone® in conjunction with a revolutionary new user interface design. Highlights include advanced navigation software from Garmin, with internet-based real-time traffic information, online destination searches and 3-D map display.<br /><br />COMAND Online provides internet access via a web-enabled mobile phone, plus various Mercedes-Benz services on the move. These include weather information, news, and a special destination search via Google, as well as the option of downloading a route previously configured on a PC using Google Maps.<br /><br />Exterior<br />Mercedes-Benz has taken a dramatically different approach to the design of the new A-Class. Where the previous two models were essentially pragmatic - ingeniously packaging the space of a large saloon into a car with the footprint of a city runabout - the new A-Class adds rewarding elements of dynamism and excitement to elevate it above its compact front-wheel-drive five-door hatchback rivals.<br /><br />Radical, progressive and emotive, it brings the sculpted look and feel of the latest Mercedes-Benz design idiom to the compact car class.<br /><br />The key dimensions are in themselves enough to show just how much the A-Class has changed. At 4,292 mm long, 1,780 mm wide and 1,433 mm tall, it is 409 mm longer, 16 mm wider and almost 180 mm lower than the model it replaces.<br /><br />Its radical form language was first seen in the Concept A-Class at the Shanghai Auto Show of 2011. That highly acclaimed design has now been transferred to the production model - a huge challenge in a car of compact dimensions, which had to match its rakish and exciting appearance with a usable and practical five-seater interior.<br /><br />Design at Mercedes-Benz always begins with an internal competition among all the company's designers. The winning entry for the exterior of the Mercedes-Benz A-Class came from Englishman Mark Fetherston, a graduate of Coventry University's School of Transport Design, who has worked at Mercedes-Benz since 1999. Fetherston has excellent design form at Mercedes-Benz - he also designed the exterior of the SLS AMG gullwing supercar.<br /><br />For the flowing, sculpted shape of the A-Class, he was influenced by the patterns of sand dunes and winter landscapes - and even the sleek lines of the Concorde - and was able to take advantage of the encouragement given to the design team by the Mercedes-Benz Board to be more progressive.<br /><br />The sides of the new A-Class are characterised by sharply defined edges and tautly drawn convex and concave surfaces, which seem to constantly change as the light catches them. The pronounced front end meets in a prominent V-shape, with the Mercedes-Benz star mounted in a two-louvre grille in either chrome, silver, black or body colour, depending on model.<br /><br />There are three lower air intakes in the bottom section of the bumper. The A-Class Engineered by AMG has a single-louvre diamond-pattern grille and black edges around the air intakes, with a red highlight line in the central section.<br /><br />The headlamp units are a key element of the frontal design. The light modules have been arranged to deliver a flare-effect for the daylight running lamps and turn indicators, creating an instantly identifiable visual signature for the new A-Class. Bi-xenon headlamps and LED daytime running lights are fitted to the A-Class Engineered by AMG.<br /><br />The new A-Class has a class-leading drag co-efficient figure of Cd 0.27. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the dynamic and smooth arc of the roof, which finishes in a spoiler that neatly hides the aerials and lends structure to the whole assembly.<br /><br />Along the flanks, a rising beltline in either black or chrome enhances the car's pronounced wedge profile, while another line rises from the mid-point of the front wheel arches to create powerful shoulder muscles at the rear, giving the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class a coupé-like stance. Between these two crisp lines are sensuously moulded sculptured panels.<br /><br />Dynamic sills add an athletic finishing touch, particularly pronounced in the A-Class AMG Sport, which rides 15 mm lower than other models, and the A-Class Engineered by AMG with its AMG sports suspension.<br /><br />The interplay of convex and concave surfaces and taut edges is repeated at the rear. The tail lights - LED units in the A-Class Engineered by AMG models - continue the line of the muscular shoulders back towards the rear. Their horizontal orientation emphasises the greater width of the new model.<br /><br />The tail-light clusters are also pointers to the superior aerodynamics of the new A-Class: not only are they a design feature in themselves, but their carefully shaped break-away edges have been designed to improve airflow from the rear of the car.<br /><br />Interior<br />The interior of the new A-Class was also inspired by two concept cars. The starting point was the Mercedes-Benz Aesthetics No 2 sculpture revealed at the 2011 Detroit Auto Show. This was then incorporated into the Concept A-Class, which was created at the Mercedes-Benz Advance Styling Studio in the northern Italian city of Como in time for the Shanghai Auto Show in September of the same year.<br /><br />If the dash area, vents and instruments were inspired by the world of aviation then the seating areas, space, quality and attention to detail have been designed to give the spacious feel of a far larger car.<br /><br />The objective was to complement the sleek look of the exterior while giving the Mercedes-Benz A-Class a high-quality appearance and feel unique in its segment through the design and the choice of materials, colours and textures.<br /><br />The sweep of the dash continues the aircraft wing-inspired theme of other recent new models from Mercedes-Benz. It incorporates five circular air vents with electro-plated outer rings on SE versions and above. Airflow through these vents is controlled by cruciform nozzles reminiscent of jet engines. In the A-Class Engineered by AMG these vents feature a red insert matching the car's front lower centre grille. The electro-plating process gives the nozzles a tactile metal finish with a cool-touch effect, and has been extended to all trim elements.<br /><br />The instrumentation and control screen appear in the upper part of the dash, while a broad lower section contains the switchgear and control buttons. The production process used for the lower section allows a wide diversity of soft-touch surfaces to further emphasise the quality and attention to detail within the cabin.<br /><br />The instrument cluster is made up of two large round dials, each with a smaller dial set within. The dial faces are either black or silver with a chequered flag design, depending on model. Likewise, the dial needles are red or white, according to the trim level.<br /><br />To the right of the instrument panel is a free-standing 5.8-inch tablet-style colour display screen with a black piano lacquer-look front panel and a flush-fitting silver frame. This is linked to the Audio 20 entertainment system or the option Audio 20 system with Media interface.<br /><br />The new A-Class has been configured so that an Apple iPhone® can be fully integrated into the operating and display system via the Drive Kit Plus special app.<br /><br />For all its rakish looks and compact dimensions, the A-Class is a full five-seater hatchback, but the rear accommodation has cunningly designed to look like two individual seats. All models from SE have sports seats with integrated head restraints, and sports pedals with rubber studs.<br /><br />A sports three-spoke multi-function steering wheel with leather trim, perforated in the grip areas, is fitted to SE and Sport versions of the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class, while AMG Sport and Engineered by AMG versions have a flat-bottomed sports steering wheel trimmed in nappa leather.<br /><br />The rear seat backrests are split 2/3:1/3 and the two sections can be folded individually to expand the standard 341-litre luggage are to a maximum of 1,157 litres. The luggage area allows items more than a metre wide to fit between the wheel housings.<br /><br />Engineering<br />Nothing illustrates the new, more dynamic character of the latest A-Class more than the way it is constructed. In place of the sandwich-floor assembly of the previous two generations, there is now an advanced steel monocoque layout that brings about significant reductions in the height of the car and the seating positions which, in turn, lowers the centre of gravity. The outcome is sharper, more agile, nimbler handling with uncompromised passenger accommodation.<br /><br />There are three all-independent suspension options which adjust the balance between sportiness and handling to suit the various model packages. All versions have fuel-saving electro-mechanical power-assisted steering, powerful all-round disc brakes incorporating the Mercedes-Benz Hold function, an electronic parking brake and the latest driver assistance systems.<br /><br />Chassis<br />The sandwich-floor body construction of the previous two generations of A-Class, which placed the engine partly in front of and partly beneath a twin-floor passenger cell, has been replaced by a sophisticated steel monocoque in the latest model. This has not only brought about a significant reduction in the car's overall height, which has been reduced by 160 mm, and seating positions, which are 174 mm lower, but it has lowered the centre of gravity by 24 mm - an ideal starting point for a car engineered to deliver more dynamic and agile handling.<br /><br />This is underscored by the structural design of the body-in-white, which features 67 per cent high-strength or ultra-high-strength steels. This increases the rigidity of the chassis from a dynamic behaviour perspective and ensures the new A-Class more than meets the stringent Mercedes-Benz safety standards, which far exceed anything demanded by legislation anywhere in the world.<br /><br />There is a new bulkhead and floor, an integral support frame as a deformation element, a length of 435 mm over which to dissipate crash energy and load distribution over several planes. Altogether, three longitudinal planes allow impact energy to be absorbed in a controlled manner.<br /><br />The support frame is the attachment point for the front axle and steering assembly as well as the torque support for the transversely mounted engine and gearbox. It is made up of several steel plates and a hydroformed tube, and is connected by two aluminium struts to the aluminium radiator mount.<br /><br />A plastic crash wedge at the rear of each front wheel arch prevents the wheel from sliding beneath the door in an impact, thus ensuring that the doors are still capable of being opened after an impact.<br /><br />Mercedes-Benz has developed what it calls 'skate runners' to discharge frontal impact forces into the floor, which features four straight longitudinal members. To protect the passenger cell in a side impact there are rigid structures which include a pole support fitted diagonally between the central tunnel and the floor sidewalls. This is intended to prevent the floor being torn open even in a side impact with a tree.<br /><br />High-strength steels in the upper part of the B-pillar minimise intrusion, but the lower part of the pillar is made from softer steels so that crash energy is dissipated in a controlled manner. The B-pillars also house something referred to by Mercedes-Benz engineers as 'vampire's teeth' - small tooth-like recesses which prevent the seat-belt retractor from causing cracks that might affect the body's structural integrity in a crash.<br /><br />Suspension<br />The new A-Class has all-independent suspension with three different levels of tuning to strike the ideal balance between comfort and sportiness according to the model variant. Suspension engineers made extensive use of the driving simulators at the Mercedes-Benz development centre in Sindelfingen, compiling a digital profile of the car's dynamic responses as part of the development process before a single prototype was built.<br /><br />All three suspension arrangements rely on a redesigned MacPherson strut system at the front and a new four-link rear axle developed for the new Mercedes-Benz family of compact front-wheel-drive cars. This, combined with the lower centre of gravity of the latest Mercedes-Benz A-Class, provides a perfect platform for excellent dynamic behaviour.<br /><br />The four-link rear axle is configured so that forces are absorbed by three control arms and one trailing arm per wheel. This means that longitudinal and lateral influences on the suspension are absorbed virtually independent of each another. The wheel carriers and spring links are made of aluminium to reduce unsprung weight. The goal was to achieve high lateral agility with high straight-line stability and the minimum of slip on the rear axle.<br /><br />All three suspension configurations deliver exemplary levels of comfort with precise, agile responses, low degrees of roll and low start-off pitch. The A-Class has been set up introduce mild understeer at higher degrees of lateral acceleration so that the driver can control changes in direction with low steering input but high steering precision.<br /><br />Standard comfort suspension is fitted to A 180, SE and Sport models. AMG Sport versions have the Dynamic Handling Package (optional on Sport), which lowers the ride height by 15 mm and introduces firmer springs and dampers plus AMG multi-spoke 18-inch alloy wheels. Direct-Steer is also part of the Dynamic Handling Package, adding an extra element of agility and precision. Engineered by AMG models feature modified AMG sports suspension.<br /><br />The latest ESP® Electronic Stability Programme includes Torque Vectoring Brake, which helps to control any tendency towards oversteer in fast cornering by applying slight brake pressure to the outer rear wheel. It has been designed to intervene gently so that skilled and experienced drivers can extract maximum enjoyment out of the car without ever reaching a potentially critical situation.<br /><br />Steering<br />The new A-Class features redesigned electro-mechanical steering, engineered to give drivers maximum enjoyment by delivering fast, accurate responses while saving fuel by drawing power assistance from the engine only when the car is turning. A turning circle of just 11 metres adds to the practicality, especially in urban driving conditions, of the A-Class.<br /><br />The electric motor, which provides servo assistance, is mounted directly on the steering gear. The steering permits various assistance functions in conjunction with the ESP® control unit. For example, it can compensate for the effect of crosswinds and cambered roads, counter the torque-steer effect found in some front-wheel-drive cars, keep the car straight when braking on surfaces where the levels of grip differ from left to right, and counter-steer should the car nudge towards oversteer.<br /><br />It also makes the optional Active Park Assist with Parktronic. Active Park Assist with Parktronic measures potential parking spaces through two ultrasonic sensors on the front bumper. If the space is large enough for the car, the system operates the electro-mechanical power steering while the driver works the accelerator and brake.<br /><br />AMG Sport and Engineered by AMG versions of the A-Class come as standard with Mercedes-Benz' Direct-Steer system, which provides variable hydraulic assistance that reduces as speed increases and adds a variable ratio that changes according to the steering angle.<br /><br />The ratio is indirect when steering straight ahead, thus ensuring exceptional stability, but increases rapidly once a five-degree steering angle has been applied, becoming extremely direct from a steering angle of 100 degrees. As a result, the driver need make only relatively small steering movements when manoeuvring in confined areas or through a series of tight corners. The variable ratio is achieved through a steering rack with different teeth profiles.<br /><br />Brakes<br />The Mercedes-Benz A-Class comes as standard with powerful all-round disc brakes. The rear calipers and brake boosters are made from aluminium to reduce unsprung weight. The Mercedes-Benz Hold function is also standard - a slightly firmer push of the brake pedal once the car comes to rest ensures it is held without the driver having to maintain pressure on the pedal. It disengages as soon as the driver touches the accelerator.<br /><br />Manual versions also have Hill-Start, which momentarily maintains brake pressure while the driver's foot moves from the brake pedal to the accelerator. This ensures the car does not roll backwards when setting off on uphill gradients.<br /><br />The Hill Start Assist function is incorporated into the standard-fit Adaptive Brake Assist feature, which works in conjunction with the Anti-lock Brakes (ABS) to reduce stopping distances in an emergency. Adaptive Brake Assist is linked to the ASR acceleration skid control and the active yaw control units.<br /><br />Adaptive Brake Assist comes into operation as soon as the driver abruptly lifts off the accelerator pedal - the first reaction in a potential emergency. It recognises the urgency of the situation and primes the brake pads so that they come into light contact with the brake discs. If emergency braking proves to be necessary, pressure can therefore be achieved instantly. During wet weather the system dries the brake discs by maintaining gentle but imperceptible pressure between brake pads and discs.<br /><br />An electronic parking brake is standard on all models, helping to free more storage space between the front seats. In models fitted with the 7G-DCT transmission it releases automatically as the car moves away so long as the driver's seat belt is fastened. If activated at speeds of more than 2 mph it also serves as an emergency brake through the ESP® system.<br /><br />Engines and Transmissions<br />A dynamic new petrol engine, an ultra-economical new turbodiesel and a performance turbodiesel make their debuts in the new A-Class. The new petrol engine is a 2.0-litre development of the 1.6-litre unit first seen in the new B-Class, and perfectly complements the dynamic design and agile handling of the new A-Class. It develops 211 hp and 350 Nm of torque, accelerating the A-Class to 62 mph in 6.6 seconds and on to a top speed of 149 mph.<br /><br />It powers the A 250 BlueEFFICIENCY AMG Sport and the A 250 BlueEFFICIENCY Engineered by AMG, driving through the Mercedes-Benz 7G-DCT seven-speed double-clutch automatic transmission, which is fitted as standard to both models.<br /><br />The first new diesel engine is a 1.5-litre unit that develops 109 hp and 260 Nm of torque, but of greater significance is that it allows the new A-Class to attain a combined fuel consumption figure of 74.3 mpg with CO2 emissions as low as 98 g/km. It is available in SE, Sport and AMG Sport versions.<br /><br />This frugal and clean diesel powerplant is joined by the range-topping new 2,143 cc turbodiesel engine that powers the A 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY AMG Sport. This dynamic unit develops 170 hp at 3,400-4,000 rpm and a muscular 350 Nm of torque available from 1,400-3,400 rpm, good for an 8.2 second sprint to 62 mph and a 137 mph top speed.<br /><br />Only available with the 7G-DCT dual clutch transmission, this lightweight engine returns 64.2 mpg on the combined cycle and posts a CO2 emissions figure of just 115 g/km. These excellent figures illustrate just how advanced this new engine is - compared with the previous generation A 200 CDI, the new A 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY is 30 hp and 50 Nm more powerful, yet is 11.9 mpg more economical and 34 g/km cleaner on CO2 emissions.<br /><br />These three new advanced engines join four further powerplants that made their debut in the new B-Class.<br /><br />The familiar 1.6-litre 122 hp petrol engine is available in standard, SE and Sport versions of the A 180 BlueEFFICIENCY and a 156 hp version of the same engine is offered in the A 200 BlueEFFICIENCY Sport and AMG Sport. All except the standard A 180 BlueEFFICIENCY are available with the sophisticated 7G-DCT transmission as an alternative to the standard six-speed manual.<br /><br />The highly economical 1.8-litre diesel unit develops 109 hp and 250 Nm of torque in the A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY SE, Sport and AMG Sport models - available with the 7G-DCT transmission. A 136 hp version of the same engine also powers the A 200 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY Sport and AMG Sport. This most powerful diesel engine derivative is available with manual or 7G-DCT transmission.<br /><br />The petrol engines<br />The all-aluminium M 270 turbo-charged direct-injection engine makes its debut in the new A-Class. This 1,991 cc unit develops 211 hp at 5,500 rpm and 350 Nm of torque from 1,200-4,000 rpm, and is the perfect match for the engaging design and dynamic handling of the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class.<br /><br />All three M 270 engines are 16-valve four-cylinder units with twin overhead camshafts. They are extremely versatile engines, which are already being phased into larger Mercedes-Benz models to successfully lower fuel consumption, emissions and production costs. Their versatility is exceptional - they can be installed both transversely (M 270) or longitudinally (M 274), combined with front, rear or 4MATIC all-wheel drive, and paired with manual, automatic torque converter or 7G-DCT dual clutch transmissions.<br /><br />They employ technology first introduced in 2010 with the ultra-modern BlueDIRECT V6 and V8 engines for the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. The combustion process is based on third-generation Mercedes-Benz direct-injection with highly precise, multiple piezo-injection technology. Mercedes-Benz is a pioneer in this field - in 2006 Mercedes-Benz was the first car manufacturer to introduce direct-injection with spray-guided combustion into series production.<br /><br />Newly developed piezo-injectors allow up to five injections per power stroke. In the warm-up phase this enables particulate emissions to be reduced by more than 90 per cent. The overall result is that all emission figures, including particulates, already surpass Euro 6 emissions standards not due to be enforced until 2015.<br /><br />Piezo-injectors have numerous advantages in petrol engines compared with conventional multi-hole solenoid valves. The fuel vaporises up to four times as fast, the jet of fuel penetrates less deeply into the combustion chamber, and the injectors are able to deliver minute quantities of fuel with exceptional precision. This prevents fuel from being deposited on the combustion chamber walls, resulting in significantly reduced particulate emissions.<br /><br />An electrical charge is applied to the piezo-ceramic injectors, which changes their structure in microseconds, and with a precision of just a few thousandths of a millimetre. The central component of a piezo-electric injector is the piezo-stack, which directly controls the metering needle. With a response time of just 0.1 milliseconds, the injection of fuel can be sensitively and precisely adjusted to the current load and engine speed, reducing emissions, fuel consumption and combustion noise.<br /><br />The third-generation direct-injection system also features rapid multi-spark ignition (MSI). Following the first spark and a brief combustion period, the coil is recharged rapidly and there is a further spark. The MSI system enables up to four sparks within one millisecond. MSI can vary both the timing of the sparks and the combustion period to suit the current operating point. This provides scope for the best possible combustion, which further reduces fuel consumption. Fuel savings of up to 4 per cent alone are possible by the use of piezo-electric injection technology combined with MSI.<br /><br />Mercedes-Benz has developed an innovation known as CAMTRONIC for its 1.6-litre engine. CAMTRONIC is a load management system which controls intake cut-off and intake valve lift adjustment, and is a first in a turbo-charged direct-injection petrol engine. It reduces throttling losses under partial load, lowering fuel consumption by three to four per cent. In day-to-day driving, which typically has a high proportion of partial load operation, the potential saving is even greater, with fuel savings of up to 10 per cent. It was developed completely in-house by the Mercedes-Benz Technology Centre in Stuttgart and the Daimler engine plant in Berlin.<br /><br />The high specific outputs of the small-capacity M 270 engines are the result of turbo-charging, which forces intake air into the combustion chambers at a pressure of up to 1.9 bar, with the turbine vanes rotating at up to 230,000 rpm.<br /><br />The turbo-charger has been designed to deliver high torque even at low engine speeds. It is integrated into a newly developed manifold turbo-charger module, positioned in front of the engine for the best possible cooling. Separate exhaust ducting from the cylinders to the turbo-charger and a high exhaust temperature of up to 1,050 degrees Celsius make maximum use of the exhaust gas energy, producing a high output and outstanding responsiveness.<br /><br />By using a combination of direct-injection and variable adjustment of the intake and exhaust camshafts, the engines are also able to exploit the advantages of so-called scavenging. This involves a partial overlap of the opening times of the intake and exhaust valves, causing some of the cold intake air to flush the hot exhaust gas from the cylinder into the exhaust manifold, which considerably improves charging.<br /><br />At low engine speeds the turbo-charger also responds much more rapidly, significantly reducing turbo-lag when moving off. The direct-injection system ensures that the fresh gas is not yet mixed with fuel when it enters the cylinder, as would be the case in engines with manifold injection. No unburned fuel is therefore flushed into the exhaust manifold.<br /><br />As a result, the 1.6-litre engine in the A-Class delivers its 200 Nm maximum torque at 1,250 rpm, maintaining that twist action through to 4,000 rpm. The 2.0-litre version posts even better results - its maximum torque of 350 Nm is available from 1,250 rpm through to 4,000 rpm, which means that it leads the field for four-cylinder engines.<br /><br />A new thermal management system has also been developed for these powerplants. In cold state, a switchable water pump with flow-optimised ball valve ensures that no coolant flows through the engine, allowing the combustion chambers to heat up quickly. The thermostat is electronically controlled and the coolant temperatures are adjusted according to driving style and ambient conditions.<br /><br />The variable vane oil pump operates with two pressure stages. At low engine speeds and loads the pump runs at a pressure of 2.0 bar and the oil-spray nozzles for piston cooling are switched off. The high-pressure stage is activated at higher loads and engine speeds. As a result, the lubrication and cooling of the engine requires significantly lower drive energy than with an uncontrolled pump.<br /><br />The coolant ducting in the cylinder head is also new. The water mantle is a two-piece construction to improve flow. This leads to specific increases in flow speeds and heat dissipation at certain points, accompanied by a reduction in pressure losses throughout the coolant circuit. This has made it possible to reduce the power output of the water pump despite an increase in engine output.<br /><br />As it warms up, the flow of coolant is regulated by a triple-phase thermal management system so that it rapidly reaches normal operating temperature. Initially the coolant remains at rest in the engine. It then circulates in the engine circuit, but bypasses the radiator. When a temperature of 105° Celsius has been reached the radiator is included in the circuit.<br /><br />To ensure absolute smoothness at all times, there are two Lanchester balancer shafts in the bottom of the 2.0-litre engine block to counter the secondary inertia forces inherent in four-cylinder in-line engines. Mercedes-Benz is the first car manufacturer to use anti-friction bearings to balance these masses.<br /><br />This is achieved via cylinder roller bearings, with axial forces from the gearing taken up by a ball bearing. This arrangement not only improves smoothness, but also helps to lower fuel consumption by reducing friction. Because of its more favourable connecting rod configuration, the 1.6-litre engine does not need Lanchester shafts.<br /><br />Friction is also minimised by a reduction in flow through the oil and water pumps, low-friction pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls, plus the new thermal management system and chain drive.<br /><br />The engine and transmission are mounted at four points - by an engine mounting, a transmission mounting and two pendulum supports. These are specially configured for the needs of the high-torque engines to minimise noise. The hydraulic damping integrated into the transmission mounting also contributes significantly to driving comfort.</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />The turbodiesel engines<br />Two new turbodiesel engines make their debut in the new A-Class. Features include sixth generation common-rail injection with a rail pressure of 1,600 bar, low-pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation and variable geometry turbo-charging.<br /><br />The 1.5 litre engine in manual versions of the A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY generates 109 hp and a healthy 260 Nm available from 1,750 rpm to 2,500 rpm, and achieves CO2 figures which start at just 98 g/km, making the new A-Class among the most environmentally friendly compact diesels in its sector.<br /><br />This frugal and clean diesel powerplant is joined by the range-topping new 2,143 cc turbodiesel engine that powers the A 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY. This dynamic unit develops 170 hp at 3,400-4,000 rpm and a muscular 350 Nm of torque available from 1,400-3,400 rpm, good for an 8.2 second sprint to 62 mph and a 137 mph top speed.<br /><br />Only available with the 7G-DCT dual clutch transmission, this engine features a weight-optimised crankshaft with individual bearing covers bolted from below and four counterweights, enabling it to tip the scales at around six kilograms less than a longitudinally installed OM 651 engine of the same displacement. The single-stage turbo-charger has larger dimensions than that in the other less-powerful variants.<br /><br />It returns a 64.2 mpg on the combined cycle and posts a CO2 emissions figure of just 115 g/km. These excellent figures illustrate just how advanced this new engine is - compared with the previous generation A 200 CDI, the new A 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY is 30 hp and 50 Nm more powerful, yet is 11.9 mpg more economical and 34 g/km cleaner.<br /><br />These two new engines join the 1.8-litre turbodiesel powerplant developed by Mercedes-Benz for the new B-Class and now available in the A-Class. The A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY in tandem with the 7G-DCT double-clutch automatic transmission employs a 109 hp version of the 1.8-litre diesel engine, while the A 200 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY uses a 136 hp version of the engine alongside a six-speed manual gearbox or the 7G-DCT.<br /><br />The new 1.5-litre engine, which has been given the in-house designation OM 607, is notable for its low weight. Components specific to Mercedes-Benz include the engine mountings of the M 270 petrol engine as well as a bespoke two-mass flywheel. The starter, the alternator and the refrigerant compressor also come from the Mercedes-Benz modular system, and are driven by a belt with six grooves. Like all Mercedes-Benz engines, the OM 607 was required to pass an extensive test programme involving bench and endurance runs.<br /><br />Mercedes-Benz engineers put the engine through a rigorous schedule to improve NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) and driveability. Coordination work also went into the ECO start/stop function which is standard on all versions of the A-Class. This feature, specific to Mercedes-Benz, operates at temperatures down to minus 10 degrees Celsius so that it can make a greater contribution to fuel economy.<br /><br />All three diesel engines in the Mercedes-Benz A-Class are extremely efficient thanks to state-of-the-art injection technology and turbo-charging. The 1.8-litre units are developments of the OM 651 fourth-generation 2.2-litre four-cylinder unit premiered in 2008. Downsizing for the A-Class has been achieved by shortening the piston stroke from 99 to 83 mm. They have an aluminium cylinder head and a cast-iron block.<br /><br />Compared with the 2.2-litre version used in the rear-wheel-drive C-Class and E-Class models, they feature a modified belt drive and air ducting and a new turbo-charger mounting to suit transverse installation. Cylinder spacing of 94 mm and spur-gear camshaft drive make them particularly compact.<br /><br />Third-generation common-rail technology, with the rail pressure increased to 1,800 bar and a maximum ignition pressure of 200 bar, allows both versions of the engine to attain their high specific outputs. This is aided by a two-piece water jacket in the cylinder head to provide optimum cooling.<br /><br />A number of engineering measures further enhance fuel efficiency. The oil injector nozzles and the water pump become active only when necessary, reducing energy drain on the engine, while the oil pump reduces oil flow in a controlled manner. The two Lanchester balancer shafts which give the engines their exemplary smoothness under all loads run in low-friction roller bearings rather than conventional plain bearings. The long connecting rods also help reduce friction and therefore improve fuel economy.<br /><br />Refinement is further improved by a dual-mass flywheel specifically designed to isolate crankshaft vibrations in engines developing high torque at low revolutions.<br /><br />Since its world premiere in 2008 the OM 651 has been setting standards in terms of performance, torque, economy, emissions and smooth running. It is in more widespread use than any other Mercedes-Benz diesel engine and serves as a model of efficiency and power from the new A-Class right up to the S-Class.<br /><br />Thanks to BlueDIRECT technology and highly precise piezo-injection, the engines easily surpass the anticipated Euro 6 emission standards coming into force from 2015. For diesel engines the regulations are particularly stringent in relation to particulate limits, but Mercedes-Benz has been able to better these requirements without recourse to additional exhaust after-treatment.<br /><br />ECO start/stop<br />All versions of the new A-Class are fitted with intelligent and extremely efficient ECO start/stop technology, which ensures that no fuel is used and no emissions are created when the car is stationary in traffic. The system seamlessly stops the engine when the car is at rest and swiftly restarts it the moment the driver wishes to pull away.<br /><br />It does not require any intervention by the driver. With the six-speed manual gearbox, the engine switches off as soon as the driver applies the brakes, shifts the transmission lever into neutral and releases the clutch. The engine restarts when the driver presses the clutch.<br /><br />With the 7G-DCT dual-clutch automatic transmission, the ECO start/stop function deactivates the engine when the driver presses the brake pedal and the car comes to rest. The engine restarts automatically when the driver's foot is removed from the brake pedal or the accelerator pedal is pressed.<br /><br />A number of defaults ensure it functions only under full driver control and when certain safety parameters have been met. Naturally, it will work only when the car is stationary. In manual versions, the brakes must be applied, the transmission must be in neutral and the clutch pedal must be released. With the 7G-DCT gearbox, the shift lever must be in Drive or Neutral.<br /><br />In both cases, there must be no steering wheel movement, the doors and bonnet must be closed and the driver's seat belt must be fastened. The driver's foot must be on the brake pedal or the Hold function must be active. The engine will restart if it detects a vehicle-related precondition, such as extensive use of the air conditioning system.<br /><br />The ECO start/stop system employs a sensor which monitors the angle of the crankshaft and the position of each cylinder. The sensor determines which cylinder is in the best position for ignition when restarting to ensure smooth and instantaneous ignition. Mercedes-Benz direct-start technology ensures the system operates spontaneously and with little noise. Fuel is injected directly and ignited during the piston's compression stroke, allowing the engine to fire up with little assistance from the starter.<br /><br />Advanced software management ensures the ECO start/stop system operates only when the engine and cabin have both reached the correct temperature. The driver can switch the system off if required. To handle the requirements of the ECO start/stop system, the starter motor has been modified so that it can cope with eight times the usual number of starting procedures so that even in continuous urban driving it will last the car's lifetime. A second battery supports the on-board electrical system.<br /><br />7G-DCT dual-clutch automatic transmission<br />The 7G-DCT dual-clutch automatic transmission, which made its debut in the new Mercedes-Benz B-Class, is available in the majority of new A-Class models, and standard on both the petrol-powered A 250 BlueEFFICIENCY and the A 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY diesel-powered variants.<br /><br />It delivers the comfort and convenience of a full automatic system with the fuel economy of a manual transmission. It allows drivers to exercise full manual control via paddles mounted behind the steering wheel, with gear changes taking place far faster than even the most skilled driver can execute with a manual transmission. There are three shift programmes - Economy, Sport and Manual.<br /><br />In ECONOMY, gearshifts are fully automatic, but take place at the lowest possible engine revolutions to promote the most fuel-efficient driving style. In SPORT, the gear changes are also fully automatic, but are completed extremely rapidly to minimise torque reductions and maintain momentum.<br /><br />In both modes the driver can intervene to make a manual shift at any time using the steering wheel paddles. The transmission reverts to automatic mode if no manual gear changes are made within the next 12 seconds, or after a longer delay when driving downhill or on winding roads. MANUAL mode hands full control to the driver, and the shifts take place even faster than in SPORT.<br /><br />The two wet multi-disc clutches running in an oil bath are ideally suited to engines with high torque outputs like the direct-injection turbo-charged units of the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class. The clutches are activated and the gears shifted automatically without any interruption in power flow. The seven ratios of the 7G-DCT have been chosen to permit rapid acceleration from standstill with quiet, economical cruising.<br /><br />The Mercedes-Benz 7G-DCT is more compact and lighter than comparable transmissions from other manufacturers, and is operated by a selector lever and shift paddles integrated into the steering wheel, a first for a compact family car. One of the clutches operates the odd-numbered gears and the other works the even-numbered gears so that the next gear is always primed ready to come into operation instantaneously and smoothly as needed, whether accelerating or braking.<br /><br />Cruise Control and the Speedtronic variable speed limiter are included with the 7G-DCT automatic transmission in Sport, AMG Sport and Engineered by AMG models, along with the brake Hold function. All the driver needs to do is push the brake pedal slightly more firmly than usual and the car will remain held without the need to keep pressing the pedal down. The Hold function also restrains the car momentarily when setting off on steep gradients to prevent it rolling backwards.<br /><br />Six-speed manual transmission<br />The standard transmission in the new A-Class is a new six-speed manual gearbox developed in conjunction with the 7G-DCT. They share a large number of components and are produced in the same Hedelfingen plant.<br /><br />The six-speed manual transmission is, like the 7G-DCT, compact and light, and designed for satisfyingly quick and positive shifting. Lightweight, cast-aluminium shift forks are installed on anti-friction bearings on the shift rods to reduce the effort needed for gear changing. A wide spread of ratios ensures the new A-Class is particularly sprightly when setting off and yet is able to cruise quietly and economically at motorway speeds.<br /><br />Safety<br />The Mercedes-Benz approach to safety exceeds any current global legislation. Naturally, the company ensures its cars can achieve a maximum safety rating in any test procedure in any country, but it also studies accidents that have actually happened involving its cars to see if there is anything that can be learned to improve their already exemplary protection. Mercedes-Benz calls this intelligence-gathering process 'Real Life Safety'.<br /><br />It is this approach which has led Mercedes-Benz to develop the radar-based Collision Prevention Assist, fitted as standard to the new A-Class range. Mercedes-Benz tries first and foremost to ensure its cars are engineered to avoid accidents - which is why the A-Class is also fitted as standard with Attention Assist, Adaptive Brake Assist, anti-lock brakes (ABS) with Brake Assist (BAS), ESP® with Acceleration Skid Control (ASR).<br /><br />But it also ensures they are among the safest cars on the road should the worst happen, so there are seven airbags, including a driver's knee bag, and an Active Bonnet to offer pedestrians further protection. The Pre-Safe® anticipatory crash protection is optionally available.<br /><br />The Mercedes-Benz Emergency Call System is also standard in cars ordered with COMAND Online to alert the rescue services in the event of an accident, while options include the Lane Tracking Package consisting of Blind Spot Assist and Lane Keeping Assist, the multi-beam Intelligent Light System and Distronic Plus autonomous emergency braking.<br /><br />The first line of defence: the body shell<br /><br />The first line of defence is provided by the strength of the A-Class body itself. The new A-Class has sailed through Mercedes-Benz' rigorous programme of crash tests. This includes not only some 30 different impacts required for safety ratings and international type approval, but another nine crash tests, such as the roof-drop test or the pole impact test, developed by Mercedes-Benz.<br /><br />The ability of the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class to satisfy requirements far beyond statutory standards is demonstrated by an internal offset front collision test. Despite the high impact speed, the A-Class passenger compartment remained intact.<br /><br />The ability of the body shell to offer such a high standard of passive safety is down to the materials used - the proportion of high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels is 67 per cent - and its structural design. At the front end there is an impact absorption area of 435 mm to soak up crash loads, which are dissipated over several planes.<br /><br />A total of three longitudinal sections - straight front longitudinal members, an upper plane of extruded aluminium box sections attached to the front end, and a third plane at the bottom in front of the subframe - allow impact energy to be reduced in a highly controlled manner.<br /><br />The subframe provides the torque support for the transverse engine and transmission and is also used to secure the front axle and steering. It consists of several steel plates, some in ultra-high-strength steel, and a hydroformed tube. The subframe is connected via two aluminium struts leading forward to the aluminium radiator mount. In a frontal impact, forces can be discharged into the subframe early via this third load path to ensure the best possible energy dissipation.<br /><br />A plastic crash wedge at the rear of the front wheel arches helps to ensure that the wheels do not slide under the front doors in a high-impact crash, so that it is still possible to open the doors.<br /><br />The bulkhead also incorporates a special feature known as 'skate runners' to discharge forces into the floor. The continuous floor structure consists of a total of four straight longitudinal members. The tunnel roof reinforcements at front and rear combine with the tunnel to provide a further closed profile supporting the front end.<br /><br />Rigid side structures and defined deformation management help to safeguard occupants against side impacts. Elements here include the pole support and a diagonal brace in the rear footwell, between the centre tunnel and floor side wall, which is intended to prevent the floor from being torn open in the event of side impact with a tree.<br /><br />High-strength steels are used in the upper area of the B-pillar to minimise intrusion and to preserve the passenger cell in case of side impact. The lower area of the B-pillar is softer so that it dissipates energy better. The insides of the B-pillar contain what are referred to as 'vampire's teeth' to prevent cracking that could ensue if the seat belt retractor presses against the inner wall of the B-pillar.<br /><br />The new A-Class features numerous measures designed to help lessen the risk of injury to pedestrians in the event of a collision. The deformation space between the bonnet and the components beneath it has been maximised by relocating items such as control units or fluid reservoirs in the engine compartment.<br /><br />For the A-Class, with its sleek, low-slung body, there is also an active bonnet. In the event of a pedestrian impact, sophisticated sensors combined with intelligent algorithms trigger actuators around the bonnet hinges. These raise the bonnet by 65 millimetres. The additional space this creates between the bonnet and hard areas in the engine compartment means that a pedestrian's head is subject to comparatively low acceleration forces on impact.<br /><br />Intelligent restraint systems<br />The A-Class protects occupants with seven airbags as standard, including a driver's knee bag. There are also driver and front-passenger airbags, large thorax-pelvis bags incorporated in the front seats and window bags which extend over both rows of seats to the A-pillar.<br /><br />The driver and front-passenger airbags operate in two stages, according to the expected severity of the impact. The gas generator first fills the driver's airbag with 60 per cent gas and the front passenger's airbag with 70 per cent gas. If a more severe impact is forecast, the second stage of the gas generator will activate and the airbags will be filled at a higher pressure. Rear side bags are optionally available.<br /><br />The deformable steering column yields by up to 100 mm when the driver exerts pressure on the airbag. The head restraints for the driver and front passenger are new developments to minimise the risk of whiplash injury. The key to effective whiplash prevention is to have the best possible distance between the head restraint and the head of the person in the seat. The restraint incorporates a button on the left-hand side to unlock the head restraint and increase the distance. The button does not need to be pressed to reduce the distance.<br /><br />Rear-seat protection: planning ahead<br />The new A-Class meets the rear-seat protection requirements of the Japanese and Chinese NCAP institutes. This takes into account factors such as the ease of use of the belts, and Mercedes-Benz safety experts believe that Euro NCAP will soon extend its rating programme to include rear-seat safety.<br /><br />The Mercedes-Benz A-Class is already prepared for this with features such as standard-fit belt tensioners and belt force limiters for the outer rear seats. A torsion bar in the roller mechanism twists when the load on it exceeds a defined level. In this way the belt force is limited and with it the load on the seat occupant. The A-Class has ISOFIX child seat mounting points on both outer rear seats. Child seats can additionally be fixed via special anchorage points with top tethers.<br /><br />Pre-Safe®: anticipating accidents<br />Pre-Safe®, the Mercedes-Benz anticipatory occupant protection system which premiered in the S-Class of 2002, is available in the A-Class for the first time as part of the on-going policy to cascade advanced safety technology throughout the range. It uses the time between detection of a potential accident and a possible collision to initiate preventive protection measures, thus reducing the loads exerted on occupants if a crash occurs by up to 40 per cent.<br /><br />Pre-Safe® tensions the seat belts, closes any open side windows (and the sunroof, if fitted) and adjusts the optional fully electric front passenger seat with memory function to an ideal position for maximum effectiveness of the restraint systems.<br /><br />Pre-Safe® is activated in emergency or panic braking, if the ESP® system detects pronounced over- or understeer, if there are critical steering movements or if Brake Assist is required to provide additional braking support.<br /><br />Automatic Emergency Call System<br />When ordered with the optional COMAND Online with Media Interface, the new A-Class is equipped with another safety feature to ensure occupants get help from the emergency services quickly and automatically: the Mercedes-Benz emergency call system. It functions as long as COMAND Online is connected to a mobile phone.<br /><br />After the airbags or belt tensioners are triggered, the vehicle's GPS position and identification number (VIN) are sent by SMS to a special emergency centre. Positional data is also transmitted using the DTMF dual-tone multi-frequency method at the same time. Even if the occupants are unconscious or unsure of exactly where they are, the emergency services alerted by the emergency centre will be notified quickly with accurate information.<br /><br />The driver can also make the emergency call manually as 'MB emergency call' is always the first entry in the system phone directory. On receiving the call, the emergency centre establishes voice contact with the vehicle occupants within seconds in the language which the driver has pre-set in COMAND Online. Other than any mobile phone communication charges, no costs are incurred by the driver and no additional phone contract is required to use this service.<br /><br />Advanced range of driver assistance systems<br />The innovative radar-based Collision Prevention Assist heads a host of advanced driver assistance systems to be found in the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class. Collision Prevention Assist gives a visual and audible warning to a possibly distracted driver of the risk of a nose-to-tail accident. At the same time it prepares Brake Assist for full emergency braking regardless of the force exerted on the pedal by the driver.<br /><br />Unlike other assistance systems in compact cars, Collision Prevention Assist does not merely minimise minor damage in low-speed accidents. Instead, it protects against rear-end collisions at speeds above 19 mph. Field tests carried out by Mercedes-Benz in Europe, North America, Japan and South Africa over a total distance of more than three million miles since 2005 confirm that the most critical rear-end collisions are at speeds above 19 mph.<br /><br />Mercedes-Benz expects that the effect of Collision Prevention Assist will be similar to that which followed the introduction of ESP® as standard. Tests involving 110 drivers in the dynamic simulator saw the accident rate fall from 44 to 11 per cent in three typical scenarios thanks to the combination of collision warning and adaptive braking assistance. Mercedes-Benz safety experts believe Collision Prevention Assist can prevent around 20 per cent of all nose-to-tail collisions and reduce the severity of them in a further 25 per cent of cases.<br /><br />Collision Prevention Assist can recognise when the A-Class is too close to the vehicle ahead at speeds between 19 and 155 mph and warn the driver visually and acoustically. It can also recognise when the gap is decreasing, detect stationary objects ahead at up to 45 mph and adapt the activation threshold for the warning and adaptive Brake Assist to given driving situations. It calculates the precise braking force needed to avoid an accident.<br /><br />When the A-Class is equipped with Pre-Safe®, Collision Prevention Assist provides one of the activation parameters for the anticipatory safety systems.<br /><br />Collision Prevention Assist works in conjunction with the standard-fit Adaptive Brake Assist system. If the driver abruptly releases the accelerator pedal - the first reaction in a potential emergency - Adaptive Brake Assist primes the brake pads so that they come into light contact with the brake discs. Should emergency braking then be required, the necessary braking pressure is achieved instantly. During wet weather it lightly but systematically applies brake contact to dry the brake discs.<br /><br />The Mercedes-Benz Hold function is standard on all versions of the Mercedes-Benz A-Class. A slightly firmer push of the brake pedal after stopping holds the car without the driver having to maintain pressure on the brake pedal. It deactivates when the driver touches the accelerator. Hill-Start Assist is also standard on manual transmission models to ensure the car pulls away smoothly without rolling backwards, even on the steepest uphill gradient.<br /><br />Attention Assist, the innovative system developed by Mercedes-Benz to monitor driver behaviour and warn of signs of tiredness, is another standard feature. During the first minutes of any journey, Attention Assist draws up a profile of the driver's individual style and then constantly compares subsequent behaviour with this accumulated data. It monitors more than 70 parameters, but is primarily based on steering wheel movements, since this is the first thing that becomes erratic when a driver is getting tired.<br /><br />Continuous monitoring is crucial in detecting the gradual transition from alertness to drowsiness. In this way, the driver is given plenty of warning that it would be sensible to take a break. If Attention Assist detects signs of drowsiness, it issues an audible warning and flashes up a visual warning in the instrument cluster: Attention Assist Take a Break! It is active between 50 and 110 mph.<br /><br />As options, the new A-Class can be ordered with the autonomous braking feature Distronic Plus, the Mercedes-Benz Intelligent Light System, a Lane Tracking Package which includes Blind Spot Assist and Lane Keeping Assist, and Active Park Assist with Parktronic automatic parking.<br /><br />Distronic Plus<br />Distronic Plus adaptive cruise control is available on models fitted with the 7G-DCT seven-speed automatic gearbox. It delivers the twin benefits of enhanced safety in heavy traffic with the minimum of stress on the driver. Two short-range sensors behind the front bumper and a long-range sensor behind the radiator grille help to maintain a safe gap to the car in front by braking and accelerating the A-Class in response to the flow of traffic. It functions at speeds between zero and 125 mph. If it senses the gap to the car ahead is closing too quickly it issues visual and audible alerts.<br /><br />Intelligent Light System<br />The optional Mercedes-Benz Intelligent Light System, incorporating bi-xenon headlights with LED daytime running lights, headlamp wash and LED tail lights, and Adaptive High Beam Assist with cornering light function that automatically varies the beam pattern and lighting according to where and how fast the A-Class is being driven.<br /><br />It has five light functions - country mode, motorway mode, enhanced foglamps, active light function and cornering light.<br /><br />Low beam is replaced by country road mode, which illuminates the side of the road more brightly than the centre. At speeds above 55 mph, motorway mode takes over, increasing the driver's range of vision by up to 60 per cent. At 68 mph the beam on the driver's side is elevated slightly. Motorway mode has a range of around 120 metres and is designed to increase the driver's range of vision by about 50 metres compared with conventional low-beam headlamps.<br /><br />The enhanced foglamps are activated at speeds below 40 mph as soon as the rear foglamp is switched on. The bi-xenon headlamp on the driver's side of the car pivots by eight degrees and is lowered at the same time. This adjustment illuminates the centre section of the road more brightly and reduces glare from light reflected by the fog.<br /><br />The active light and cornering light functions are switched on automatically, depending on the steering angle, rate of turn and vehicle speed. The active light function pivots the headlamps by up to 15 degrees almost instantaneously. It is activated automatically when the driver turns the steering wheel at speeds below 40 mph.<br /><br />The Intelligent Light System includes Adaptive High Beam Assist, which constantly adjusts the range of the headlamps so as not to dazzle drivers of oncoming vehicles or vehicles in front of the A-Class. The Mercedes-Benz system uses graduated steps between dipped and main beam rather than a sudden adjustment, which means the driver enjoys the best possible visibility for more of the time.<br /><br />Lane Tracking Package<br />The Lane Tracking Package is designed to prevent owners from straying into the path of other cars when changing lanes. It consists of Lane-Keeping Assist and Blind Spot Assist. Lane Keeping Assist reads the lane markings on the road and, if the A-Class crosses them unintentionally, it alerts the driver by gently vibrating the steering wheel. Blind Spot Assist uses two radar sensors to detect a vehicle approaching from behind. If the Mercedes-Benz A-Class driver attempts to pull out, it issues visual warnings in the door mirrors and an audible warning within the car. It functions at speeds above 30 mph.<br /><br />Active Park Assist with Parktronic<br />Active Park Assist with Parktronic measures potential parking spaces through ultrasonic sensors in the front and rear bumpers. If the space is large enough for the car, the system operates the electro-mechanical power steering while the driver works the accelerator and brake.<br /><br />Technology<br />The new A-Class is the second model in a totally new family of compact front-wheel-drive cars from Mercedes-Benz, following the introduction of the latest B-Class in 2011. Built around entirely new architecture, the new Mercedes-Benz compacts feature so many advances over their predecessors that they are virtually a moving catalogue of the company's current technology.<br /><br />With outstanding aerodynamics, turbo-charged direct-injection engines across the range and the availability of a 7G-DCT double-clutch automatic gearbox on most models, the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class is packed with technology to improve efficiency.<br /><br />The safety features are unmatched in any comparable compact car, and many have cascaded down from the company's larger luxury models. The new A-Class even includes in-car internet access. For the first time in any Mercedes-Benz, it will be possible to have full integration with the content of Apple iPhones, operable through the car's on-board central controller.<br /><br />Aerodynamics<br />Countless flow simulation studies on computer and hours of fine tuning in the wind tunnel have resulted in a drag co-efficient, or Cd figure, of 0.27 for the new A-Class.<br /><br />This was no easy task on a hatchback model with a short rear overhang. The detailed work which made it possible includes distinctive side spoilers next to the rear window ('finlets'); patented serrated wheel spoilers at the front and rear, slots in the wheel arches and optimised hubcaps which reduce flow losses; an adjustable radiator shutter which closes louvres behind the radiator grille when there is no need for cooling air; an aerodynamically enhanced underbody plus extensive cladding up to the rear wheel arch and around the rear axle; and exterior mirrors which have been shaped based on lessons learned with other recent Mercedes-Benz introductions, including the B-Class.<br /><br />Active Park Assist with Parktronic<br />The new A-Class can measure its own parking spaces and steer itself in while the driver operates the accelerator, clutch and brake, thanks to the optional Active Park Assist with Parktronic ultrasound sensors. It operates at speeds below 20mph once reverse gear has been selected.<br /><br />Adaptive Brake Assist<br />Adaptive Brake Assist, a feature which minimises stopping distances in emergencies, is standard on every version of the new A-Class. It comes into operation if the driver abruptly releases the accelerator pedal - usually the first reaction in a potential emergency. Adaptive Brake Assist primes the brake pads so that they come into light contact with the brake discs, which means that the necessary braking pressure is achieved instantly if an emergency stop becomes necessary. During wet weather it systematically applies brake contact to dry the brake discs.<br /><br />Adaptive Brake Assist incorporates the Mercedes-Benz Hold function, which keeps the car stationary whenever it comes to rest without the driver having to keep a foot on the brake pedal. On manual transmission models there is a further convenience feature in the form of Hill Start Assist, which prevents the car rolling backwards on gradients as the driver's foot moves from the brake to the accelerator.<br /><br />Attention Assist<br />This innovative system, developed by Mercedes-Benz to monitor driver behaviour and warn of signs of tiredness, is being added as standard to every new or upgraded model, and now appears in the Mercedes-Benz A-Class. The system monitors more than 70 parameters, but primarily focuses on steering wheel movements, since these are the first to become erratic when a driver is getting tired.<br /><br />At the start of every journey, Attention Assist draws up a bespoke driver profile which is subsequently compared with the driver's later actions. If Attention Assist detects signs of drowsiness it issues audible and visual warnings advising the driver to take a rest.<br /><br />BlueEFFICIENCY<br />BlueEFFICIENCY is the name that Mercedes-Benz gives to technologies which help to lower fuel consumption and emissions. In the new A-Class they start with the new highly-efficient direct-injection turbo-charged petrol and diesel engines and include the option of a 7G-DCT dual-clutch automatic gearbox on many models, standard ECO start/stop, intelligent alternator management to convert braking energy into electrical energy, intelligent management of the oil feed and water pump, a display to encourage more economical driving, low rolling resistance tyres and an adjustable radiator shutter.<br /><br />Collision Prevention Assist<br />Collision Prevention Assist is a world-first feature exclusive to Mercedes-Benz and introduced with the latest B-Class. Now it is also included as standard in the A-Class. It is a radar-based system which can reduce the risk of nose-to-tail collisions, or minimise their effects, in conjunction with Adaptive Brake Assist. If the driver becomes distracted and there is a risk of a collision, Collision Prevention Assist issues visual and acoustic warnings while priming the Brake Assist function to ensure maximum stopping power as soon as the driver touches the brake pedal. Unlike some systems, which work only at urban speeds, Collision Prevention Assist functions at any speed above 19 mph.<br /><br />COMAND Online with Media Interface<br />With the optional COMAND Online system, the new A-Class becomes a fully connected car with full internet access when stationary via a mobile phone. COMAND Online with Media Interface is the hub for a vast range of communications, entertainment and navigation services. As well as in-car internet access it includes a hard-drive navigation system, 10GB of storage space for a music library, speed-sensitive volume adjustment of the audio system and a DVD drive that plays CDs, MP3s or video and audio DVDs. It also allows a number of external devices and storage media to be connected via a USB port, a Media Interface, an SD card slot or Bluetooth®. Via the internet there is access to Mercedes-Benz online services. Integrated Mercedes-Benz apps include Google™ Local Search and Weather and the option of downloading a route pre-set on a home computer through Google™ Maps.<br /><br />Direct-injection turbo-charged engines<br />Every engine in the new A-Class features direct injection and turbo-charging to promote the most efficient use of fuel with outstanding driveability. The petrol engines are new advanced four-cylinder 1.6-litre or 2.0-litre units, designed for either transverse or longitudinal installation, and will be featuring in several other Mercedes-Benz model series in the future. The diesels are new 1.6-litre, 1.8-litre and 2.2-litre units that offer excellent economy, performance and refinement levels.<br /><br />Energy Space Architecture<br />Mercedes-Benz calls the structure on which the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class is based 'Energy Space Architecture'. It replaces the sandwich floor concept of the previous two generations and allows the seating positions to be lowered by 174 mm, which in turn brings about a 24 mm lower centre of gravity, contributing to the new car's more dynamic behaviour. It will also allow the main floor panel to be modified to accept alternative powertrains with just one extra stage in the production process.<br /><br />ECO start/stop<br />Every new A-Class features ECO start/stop technology to reduce fuel consumption. By shutting down the engine when the car is stationary, no fuel is used and no emissions generated when the car is held up by traffic. In manual versions the engine switches off as soon as the driver applies the brakes, shifts the transmission lever into neutral and releases the clutch. The engine restarts as soon as the driver depresses the clutch. With the optional 7G-DCT dual-clutch automatic transmission, ECO start/stop deactivates the engine as soon as the vehicle is motionless and the driver presses the brake pedal. The engine restarts when the driver's foot is removed from the brake pedal or when the accelerator is pressed.<br /><br />7G-DCT dual-clutch automatic transmission<br />The 7G-DCT dual-clutch automatic transmission which made its debut in the new B-Class is available in many versions of the A-Class. It delivers the comfort and convenience of a full automatic gearbox with the fuel economy of a manual. It incorporates three shift programmes - ECONOMY, SPORT and MANUAL. In ECONOMY and SPORT the gearshifts are fully automatic, while MANUAL mode hands full control to the driver. It incorporates two 'wet' multi-disc clutches running in an oil bath. One operates during selection of the 'odd' gears and the other works with the 'even' gears so that the next gear is always primed to come into operation instantaneously. The seven gears of the DCT transmission allow a wide spread of ratios for sharp acceleration from standstill and economical and relaxed motorway cruising.<br /><br />Intelligent Light System<br />The Mercedes-Benz Intelligent Light System incorporating bi-xenon headlights with LED daytime running lights and tail lights, Adaptive High Beam Assist and cornering light function is an option with the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class. It features five light functions - country mode, motorway mode, enhanced fog lamps, active light function and cornering light function - for differing driving or weather conditions. Low beam is replaced by country road mode, which illuminates the side of the road more brightly than the centre. Above 55 mph, motorway mode takes over, increasing the driver's range of vision by up to 60 per cent. The enhanced fog lamps are activated at speeds below 40 mph as soon as the rear fog lamp is switched on, while the active light and cornering light functions switch on automatically, depending on the steering angle, rate of turn and vehicle speed. Also included is Adaptive High-beam Assist, which constantly adjusts the range of the headlights based on the distance of oncoming vehicles or those in front. The system uses graduated steps between dipped and main beam rather than a sudden adjustment, and is therefore more restful for the driver's eyes.<br /><br />Lane Tracking Package<br />The optional Mercedes-Benz Lane Tracking Package is designed to prevent distracted drivers from straying into the path of other cars when changing lanes. It consists of Lane-Keeping Assist and Blind Spot Assist. Lane Keeping Assist reads the lane markings on the road and, if the car crosses them unintentionally, alerts the driver by gently vibrating the steering wheel. Blind Spot Assist uses two radar sensors to detect a vehicle approaching from behind. If the driver attempts to pull out to overtake, it issues visual warnings in the door mirrors and an audible warning within the car.<br /><br />Pre-Safe<br />The Mercedes-Benz anticipatory safety system Pre-Safe® uses the ESP® Electronic Stability Programme sensors to recognise potentially dangerous situations and transmit the information to the car's electronic control units. It ensures the seat belts and airbags deploy with maximum effect in the event of a collision, and closes any open windows and the sunroof, if fitted. It also moves the front passenger's seat to the safest position if the car has been ordered with the Memory Pack. It is an option in the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class.<br /><br />Technical Specifications<br /><br />
<ul>
<li>A 180 BlueEFFICIENCY: 1,595 cc petrol engine, 122 hp at 5,000 rpm, 200 Nm at 1,250-4,000 rpm, 0-62 mph in 9.2 seconds (9.1 seconds with 7G-DCT), top speed 126 mph, average fuel consumption 51.4 mpg (52.3 mpg with 7G-DCT), CO2 emissions 128-135 g/km (127-133 g/km with 7G-DCT).</li>
<li>A 200 BlueEFFICIENCY: 1,595 cc petrol engine, 156 hp at 5,300 rpm, 250 Nm at 1,250-4,000 rpm, 0-62 mph in 8.4 seconds (8.3 seconds with 7G-DCT), top speed 139 mph, average fuel consumption of 49.6 mpg (50.4 mpg with 7G-DCT), CO2 emissions 134-136 g/km (131-133 g/km with 7G-DCT).</li>
<li>A 250 BlueEFFICIENCY: 1,991 cc petrol engine, 211 hp at 5,500 rpm, 350 Nm at 1,200-4,000 rpm, 0-62 mph in 6.6 seconds, top speed 149 mph, average fuel consumption of 45.6 mpg, CO2 emissions 145 g/km.</li>
<li>A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY 6-speed manual: 1,461 cc turbodiesel engine, 109 hp at 4,000 rpm, 260 Nm at 1,750-2,500 rpm, 0-62 mph in 11.3 seconds, top speed 118 mph, average fuel consumption of 74.3 mpg, CO2 emissions 98-105 g/km.</li>
<li>A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY 7G-DCT seven-speed automatic: 1,796 cc turbodiesel engine, 109 hp at 3,200-4,600 rpm, 250 Nm at 1,400-2,800 rpm, 0-62 mph in 10.6 seconds, top speed 118 mph, average fuel consumption of 68.9 mpg, CO2 emissions 109-116 g/km.</li>
<li>A 200 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY: 1,796 cc turbodiesel engine, 136 hp at 3,600-4,400 rpm, 300 Nm at 1,600-3,000 rpm, 0-62 mph in 9.3 seconds (9.2 seconds 7G-DCT), top speed 130 mph, average fuel consumption of 62.8 mpg (65.7 mpg 7G-DCT), CO2 emissions 118-121 g/km (114-116 g/km 7G-DCT).</li>
<li>A 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY (7G-DCT only): 2,143 cc turbodiesel engine, 170 hp at 3,400-4,000 rpm, 350 Nm at 1,400-3,400 rpm, 0-62 mph in 8.2 seconds, top speed 137 mph, average fuel consumption of 64.2 mpg, CO2 emissions 115 g/km.</li>
</ul>
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classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-3152305402234181292013-07-08T02:18:00.002-07:002013-07-08T02:18:31.786-07:00McLaren MP4-12C GT3, 2011<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<li> <b>McLaren MP4-12C GT3, 2011</b></li>
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<br />McLaren GT, a new race car manufacturer which brings together the expertise of McLaren Racing, McLaren Automotive and CRS Racing, unveiled the McLaren MP4-12C GT3 race car and plans for a 2011 development programme.<br /><br />The new McLaren MP4-12C GT3 will be the first McLaren car built for FIA GT series racing since the McLaren F1 GTR finished production in1997. The 12C GT3 is based on the new MP4-12C high-performance sports car and a team of engineers, designers and test drivers with vast experience in Formula 1 and GT racing has been assembled to undertake the process of adapting the carbon chassis-based 12C to racing specification.<br /><br />Drivers and FIA approved races confirmed for 2011<br />McLaren GT aims to deliver the highest quality, most reliable and most driveable car on the GT3 grid when 20 cars are delivered to privateer teams for racing in Europe in 2012. The unique combination of McLaren and CRS Racing's technology and development methodology is matched by McLaren GT's appointment of experienced and successful racing drivers to develop the 12C GT3 at challenging races over the 2011 season.<br /><br />McLaren GT plans to debut the new McLaren MP4-12C GT3 at this season's Blancpain Endurance Series race at Spain's Circuito de Navarra, followed by Magny-Cours in France and Silverstone in England. As part of the development programme for the 12C GT3, McLaren GT also expects to enter the Total 24 Hours of Spa endurance race.<br /><br />CRS Racing Team Principal Andrew Kirkaldy will be joined by 2010 Vodafone McLaren Mercedes test driver Oliver Turvey and Portuguese racing driver Álvaro Parente in the McLaren GT driver line-up for the 2011 development programme.<br /><br />McLaren fans eager to see McLaren's first GT racing car since the legendary McLaren F1 GTR can expect to see the new 12C GT3 driven up the famous Hill at Goodwood Festival of Speed from 01-03 July 2011.<br /><br />McLaren MP4-12C GT3 development targets<br />McLaren GT comprises a team of designers, engineers and test drivers with vast experience in developing successful race and road cars. Marcus Waite, McLaren GT Chief Engineer, began his career working with the McLaren Formula 1 Simulation Group. A move onto the Formula 1 team where he was Senior Test Team Engineer for many years was then followed by his appointment to McLaren Automotive as Test Team Leader responsible for the new MP4-12C sports car. Combining practical experience of Formula 1 car development methodology and a deep understanding of the 12C road car's technical specification is invaluable to McLaren GT.<br /><br />Formula 1 simulator readies the new 12C GT3 for its track debut<br />On March 4th, virtually 30 years to the day that the world's first carbon-based racing car, the McLaren MP4/1 was shaken down at Silverstone (March 5th 1981), the 12C GT3 also debuted at the UK circuit.<br /><br />One week later, it took to the Circuito de Navarra in Spain for its first FIA circuit test. These shake down and test sessions followed months ofextensive testing on simulated versions of international race circuits including Silverstone, Circuit de Catalunya and Paul Ricard. In simulated tests, McLaren GT was able to fine-tune engine calibration, power steering, spring rates, weight distribution, gear ratios and differential settings.<br /><br />Following the Spanish shakedown session, Andrew Kirkaldy Team Principal at CRS Racing and McLaren GT Project Manager, said: "The performance of the car in Navarra was testament to the work we were able to do in the McLaren simulator in selecting the right set-up for the car. The virtual and real world versions of the 12C GT3 felt near-identical.<br /><br />A new aerodynamics package produced entirely from carbon fibre has been developed by McLaren Racing in compliance with GT3 regulations, incorporating a new front splitter, door blade, rear wing, diffuser and louvres in the front fenders.<br /><br />In partnership with McLaren Applied Technologies, McLaren GT plans to offer its clients the opportunity to develop their 12C GT3 using bespoke programmes in the McLaren Simulator. Chris Goodwin said: "The simulator is a huge competitive advantage to McLaren Racing in developing its Formula 1 cars and to McLaren Automotive in developing its future range of sports cars.<br /><br />The McLaren MP4-12C: The essence of a race car<br />Racing experience and development tools have played a key part in readying the 12C GT3 for its 2011 race programme. But, before the racing car takes to the competitive grid, McLaren, in the form of McLaren Automotive set out to develop a high-performance sports car that set new standards for speed, handling, efficiency, braking and driveability: formed from an obsession for aerodynamic purity and lightweight engineering. Assets and goals that make the McLaren MP4-12C a perfect road car from which to develop a race-winning GT car.<br /><br />Once plans were agreed to take the 12C racing, key members of McLaren Automotive's design and engineering teams were eager to support this natural step at McLaren.<br /><br />Under the McLaren Orange skin, the 12C GT3 shares the same 75kg carbon 'MonoCell' chassis as the 12C road car. Since the modern McLaren was formed in 1981, the company has used only carbon fibre for the chassis construction of all its road and race cars: it was a natural choice for the heart of the MP4-12C. Lightweight construction and manufacturing innovation through Resin Transfer Moulding was a priority for the engineers and designers responsible for the 12C's chassis. The result is a road car that, at 1301kg, is the lightest in the 'core' sector of the high-performance sports car market.<br /><br />CRS Racing to deliver on expectations of a new McLaren race car<br />The prevailing design concept of the new McLaren MP4-12C road car is 'designed around the driver', and this is just one example of McLaren's uncompromising commitment to offering a new driving experience in road and race cars. CRS Racing Team Principal Andrew Kirkaldy brings a decade of GT-level racing experience to McLaren GT and, as the team's project manager, Kirkaldy was able to specify the cockpit and other attributes of the 12C GT3 to ensure restrictions normally associated with GT3 race cars are removed from the McLaren.<br /><br />Specification and performance reflect McLaren expectations<br />Just as with the 12C road car, McLaren is working closely with specialist suppliers to deliver an innovative and lightweight car. The 3.8-litre McLaren V8 twin turbo 'M838T' engine supplied in the road car also features in the 12C GT3, but de-tuned to 500 PS (from 600 PS) in order to provide optimum power for this performance-balanced race car.<br /><br />The new McLaren MP4-12C GT3 will feature a unique engine calibration, bespoke racing transmission developed in partnership with Ricardo (who also developed the engine with McLaren) and a suspension arrangement tuned specifically for racing.<br /><br />McLaren GT has selected the TAG-400 Engine Control Unit for the new 12C GT3. The TAG-400 is a compact, self-contained engine management system and data logger for race engines designed and built by McLaren Electronic Systems. The procurement of components from suppliers used to working with partners in Formula 1 is another example of McLaren GT delivering on its objective to build a GT3 car of unrivalled quality and reliability.<br /><br />McLaren MP4-12C GT3: the customer commitment<br />With a rigorous development programme complete at the end of the 2011 GT3 season, McLaren GT will put in place a robust support programme to ensure all customers of the McLaren MP4-12C GT3 are able to stay competitive throughout the 2012 season.<br /><br />Initial demand for the first 20 McLaren MP4-12C GT3s is high, with interest suggesting that McLaren and CRS Racing could sell the run five times over. However, neither company has any desire to stretch the market and lead to a risk of either oversupply or restrictions on customer service. Retained value in each GT3 car is also of high priority to McLaren and CRS, and the first customers when they take delivery.<br /><br />Looking further ahead, around 20 more GT3s plan to be built through 2013 and '14, but both McLaren and CRS remain open-minded and optimistic about developing racing cars for other series' and markets.<br /></div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-8812815876077784082013-07-05T06:11:00.003-07:002013-07-08T02:02:44.701-07:00Mazda 3 MPS, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> Mazda 3 MPS, 2012</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
When the very first Mazda 3 was launched in 2003 it was more than a continuation of Mazda's long compact history, it was a revelation. The new compact looked sportier than most compacts at the time and was exciting to drive. People took notice and Mazda 3 quickly led the way in a rebirth of the Mazda brand around the world, reaching the 1-million production mark sooner than any Mazda model before it. The current second-generation model followed in 2008 and introduced an aggressive front end design. It remains the company's most popular car with almost 3 million sold globally.<br />
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Europe is the car's second-largest market worldwide with total sales of 613,000 units, nearly 100,000 of these from the current model achieved in less than two years. With almost 60,000 units sold in 2010, the Mazda 3 is the best-selling vehicle for Mazda in Europe. Mazda 3 has accumulated 125 global accolades since originally launched, including several Car of the Year awards. The first-generation won 99 of these over a 5-year period, while the current model has already taken home 26 awards.<br />
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The current second-generation Mazda 3 has built a strong reputation as one of Europe's sportiest compacts. It comes in two body styles, each with its own distinct character: the smooth, sporty elegance of the four-door sedan, and the muscular strength of the five-door hatchback. For even sportier tastes there's the Mazda 3 MPS, which is one of the most powerful frontwheel drive compacts. Besides this strong emotional appeal, state-of-the-art technology and a long list of equipment make Mazda 3 frugal, fun-to-drive and easy to use. It has a powertrain line-up of five petrols (including two DISI direct injection petrol engines), three common-rail diesels, five and six-speed manual transmissions, and four and five-speed automatic transmissions. A long list of standard equipment and options - like a premium ten-speaker BOSE® stereo system and Bluetooth® MP3 capability - make the ride an enjoyable one. Park assist make city parking easier, and adaptive front xenon headlights, tyre-pressure monitoring, rear vehicle monitoring (according to grade/option) and ESS (Emergency Stop Signal) - along with standard front, side and curtain airbags- deliver superior safety<br />
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Design Refinement<br />
When it comes to head-turning good looks, Mazda 3 is already one of the market's most appealing compact line-ups with an aggressive hatchback and a sporty yet elegant sedan. This was confirmed less than two years ago, when a poll of 200,000 AutoBild readers across Europe voted Mazda 3 Europe's best-looking compact. For the facelift version, designers focused on updates that would continue the car's emotional appeal. They redesigned the front end to be more aggressive and aerodynamic, and reduced rear bumper thickness. These changes give the exterior a well-toned muscular appearance that underscores the car's solid build quality. This focus was carried through to the inside as well, where new materials and colours enhance quality feel, while the optimized ergonomics make the Mazda 3 facelift easier to use.<br />
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EXTERIOR<br />
The current Mazda 3 introduced a new front end that gave the car a unique sporty edge that is immediately recognizable as Zoom-Zoom. This continues with the Mazda 3 facelift. The friendly yet sporty front face with large 5-point grille is updated to create a richer and more stylish impression. The corners of the front bumper now have a larger fascia around the air inlets, new round fog lights embedded in their lower sections, and a lower front lip that protrudes outwards more than before. These changes not only give the Mazda 3 facelift a more aggressive and emotionally appealing look, they function to improve aerodynamic performance as well.<br />
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Hatchback Rear End Design - Less Means More<br />
Changes were also made at the back of the Mazda 3 facelift five-door version. The rear bumper is not as thick as before (it protrudes 30 mm less than the outgoing sports-grade hatchback) and the reflectors are placed closer to side panels. As a result, the facelift hatchback looks even wider and more solidly built when seen from the back. The shortened rear bumper allows easier loading and unloading of the Hatchback's luggage compartment, and the overall length of the car has been reduced by 30 mm (compared to sports grade).<br />
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New Wheel Designs and Colours<br />
The sporty silhouette of the Mazda 3 gets new 16 and 17-inch wheel designs with more spokes that are twisted slightly backwards to give a dynamic, lighter look even when the car is standing still. Customers can choose between 8 exterior colours: an all-new Autumn Bronze Mica to go along with Indigo Blue Mica, Velocity Red Mica, Crystal White Pearl, Arctic White, Aluminium Metallic, Graphite Mica and Black Mica.<br />
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Cockpit - Now Easier to Use<br />
The insightful combination of design and functionality continues on the inside of the Mazda 3 facelift with updates intended to create a more stylish interior that is also functional and easier to use. The current Mazda 3 already delivers superior cockpit ergonomics with a driver-orientated sporty dashboard, great all-round view of the road, telescopic and height adjustable steering wheel, height and front-toaft seat adjustment, and a high-mount shift level backed by a centre console that allows easy shifting with a flick of the wrist.<br />
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Leaving this unchanged, designers focused on lowering the amount of eye-movement it takes to use the car's onboard systems from behind the wheel. To realize this, they replaced the previous silver of the lower section of the dashboard middle console with black colour, and ringed dials and controls that are used most by the driver in brighter satinpolish silver that's easier to see.<br />
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They also replaced the red graphics of the current model's multiinformation display and LCD (under the instrument panel hood) to a crisp white, which makes them easier to see as well. The twin-metre driver cluster is also optimized in the facelift model to be easier to read, especially during the day. The previous blackout meters are replaced by continuously lit white graphics. These graphics are placed on either a grey background colour (standard and high grade models) or a sporty red gradation for the Mazda 3 MPS.<br />
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Colours and Materials<br />
The facelift interior now has leather park-brake handle for all models. Designers introduced new design patterns in the seat-centre that are of higher quality. Standard grades have a centre fabric in black or beige with a three-dimensional pattern using wavy cross-threads for a strong sense of quality. High grades also use this wavy pattern in black and beige, but with shiny threading that changes according to how the light hits it.<br />
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Optimised Ride Comfort and Handling Stability<br />
The 2011 facelift carries forth the Mazda 3 reputation for agility and easy handling by introducing new features that improve ride quality and handling stability. The result is a facelift model that is even more fun and predictable to drive on a daily basis.<br />
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Toitsu-kan - a Higher Quality Driving Experience<br />
Mazda 3 is a driver's car. For the facelift version, engineers optimized handling and ride comfort even further to deliver a higher quality driving experience. To achieve this, the pilot must experience a "consistent and linear feel" while driving. Engineers gave this composite attribute a name, Toitsu-kan, and applied it to steering, suspension and body characteristics, along with engines and transmissions.<br />
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It delivers smooth transitions between acceleration, lateral and deceleration G forces in response to the basic aspects of driving, turning and stopping for a more linear and consistent driving feel.<br />
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Updates to Body Shell, Suspension and Steering<br />
A new single brace bar that is made of stronger and more rigid reinforcement material is added to the front of the body, instead of the current two reinforcing bars, which is better at suppressing foreaft deformation, it delivers not only more rigidity, but a more refined handling stability (except for MZR-CD 2.2-litre diesel version).<br />
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To increase ride comfort, changes were made to Mazda 3's front MacPherson strut and rear multi-link suspension system, and its electric-hydraulic power assisted (EHPAS) system. Mazda 3's EHPAS system was updated with new pump-flow settings and stiffer wheels were introduced. When combined with the more rigid body and optimized dampers, these contribute to better steering feedback and road feel, especially at mid and high speeds.<br />
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Improved Aerodynamics<br />
A major contributor to handling stability of the Mazda 3 facelift is its new, aerodynamically-optimized front bumper. Its lower side sections protrude further forward, and the fins beneath it are larger. This streamlines the air hitting the front of the vehicle more effectively and lowers turbulence where air enters the front of the engine compartment.<br />
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It also improves the effectiveness of the new front tyre deflectors and suppresses air swirling at the sides of the body. The updated front grille allows more gloss painting at the upper part of the grille (for high-grade) and less grille mesh is needed, which has the advantage of reducing the chance of mud or rocks entering the grille.<br />
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The front tyre deflectors are now 50 percent more rigid than before, which helps prevent deformation at high speeds. The floor undercover was also redesigned to contribute to better aerodynamics. It now covers 10 percent more area than before and the vertical grooves of the outgoing model are replaced in favour of a flatter surface. At the back, the undercover is curved and closer to the ground, which is better for controlling air-flow rearwards. How much these measures affect air-flow can be seen in the Mazda 3 facelift's improved coefficient of drag - for the sedan Cd is just 0.27 (0.28 for the current model) and 0.29 for the hatchback (0.30 for the current model). The Mazda 3 MPS coefficient of drag is unchanged at 0.32.<br />
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Taken together, these updates help the Mazda 3 facelift to respond perfectly to driver input, support Mazda's trademark one-with-the-car feel, improve handling stability at higher speeds, and make the ride even more comfortable.<br />
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Improved NVH<br />
Also contributing to increased ride comfort is an improvement in NVH performance for the facelift. Pressure within the cabin increases as the body shell around the cabin flexes and moves, which amplifies interior noise. To lower this, engineers introduced a new B-frame beneath the floor that is 0.7 mm thicker than before and has a reinforced joining area with more spot welds, which helps lower cabin deformation, and there is increased floor damping material as well, which reduces road noise and makes the Mazda 3 facelift cabin even quieter.<br />
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Improved Fuel Efficiency and Lower Emissions<br />
Over the past two years, the Mazda 3 line-up has been expanded by several new engines and derivatives bringing the total number of different powertrains to seven. For the Mazda 3 facelift, this outstanding portfolio is expanded to eight with the introduction of a new 1.6-litre petrol model with automatic transmission, and all but two engines have been enhanced to deliver better fuel efficiency and lower emissions.<br />
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PETROL POWERTRAINS<br />
Five petrol powertrains are offered for the Mazda 3 facelift, beginning with the MZR 2.0 DISI i-stop with six-speed manual transmission, which produces a sporty 110 kW/150 PS of power at 6,200 rpm and 191 Nm of torque at 4,500 rpm. This driving fun is combined with Mazda's stop/start system, i-stop, that shuts down the engine when the cars stops and saves fuel. For the Mazda 3 facelift, optimized engine tuning and improved aerodynamics have lowered fuel consumption by 0.1 litre to 6.7 litres per 100 km and CO2 emissions from 159 to 157 g/km (combined).<br />
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The petrol line-up also has the high-performance MZR 2.3 DISI Turbo with a special-ratio six-speed manual transmission in the Mazda 3 MPS for sports purists. This engine is one of the most powerful front wheel-drive petrol in the world and produces 191 kW/260 PS of maximum power at 5,500 rpm, and 380 Nm of maximum torque at just 3,000 rpm. The engine uses 9.6 litres of petrol per 100 km, which is very acceptable for a high-performance car this exciting to drive.<br />
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Also onboard for the Mazda 3 facelift are three lively, petrol engines that are very popular with European customers. This includes the MZR 2.0 petrol with a five-speed automatic transmission with manual-shift mode for easy driving with an ideal mix of power and fuel economy. It produces 110 kW/150 PS at 6,500 rpm and 187 Nm of maximum torque at 4,000 rpm, while using 7.6 litres of fuel and producing 175 g/km of CO2 (combined).<br />
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The agile MZR 1.6 petrol with five-speed manual transmission is onboard for customers looking for driving fun combined with low consumption. It produces 77 kW/105 PS of maximum power at 6,000 rpm and 145 Nm of maximum torque at 4,000 rpm. With the improved aerodynamics of the Mazda 3 facelift design and a 5th gear raised from 0.820 to 0.775, this engines produces less CO2 than before (147 g/km, down from 149) and uses 6.4 litres of fuel per 100 km. It is now joined by a four-speed automatic transmission version (see box). The sedan with this powertrain uses 7.4 litres of fuel per 100 km while emitting a low 171 g/km of CO2 (combined). The hatchback model needs 7.6 litres of fuel per 100 km and produces 176 g/km of CO2.<br />
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New Mazda 3 1.6 Petrol Activematic Transmission<br />
For the facelift, Mazda is expanding the line-up with a new MZR 1.6 petrol model with a four-speed automatic transmission called Activematic, which allows the convenience of driving in fully-automatic or manual mode. The automatic mode is comfortable yet sporty and includes slope control for uphill grades that prevents gear-hunt, and optimised downshift characteristics from fourth-to-second gear. Tuned especially for the 1.6-litre petrol engine, Activematic provides a linear, direct feeling of control with no compromises on spirited engine performance.</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
DIESEL POWERTRAINS<br />
The diesel flagship model of the Mazda 3 facelift is the High Power 2.2 Turbo diesel that produces 136 kW/185 PS of maximum power at 3,500 rpm and massive torque of 400 Nm available between 1,800 and 3,000 rpm for high-performance driving fun, while using just 5.4 litres of fuel per 100 km, which is 3.6 percent less fuel than the current model. As a result, it also produces just 144 g/km of CO2, which is 3.4 percent lower than before.<br />
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The Standard Power 2.2 Turbo diesel produces 110 kW/150 PS of maximum output and 360 Nm of torque available as low as 1,800 rpm. It uses less fuel than the current engine, just 5.2 litres per 100 km, down 3.7 percent, while emitting only 139 g/km of CO2, which is 3.5 percent lower than the current engine.<br />
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Completing the Mazda 3 facelift diesel line-up is the MZ-CD 1.6 Turbo diesel with a six-speed manual transmission version. It delivers 85 kW/115 PS of maximum power and a robust 270 Nm of torque between 1,750 and 2,500 rpm. The low-friction engine with lightweight aluminium block offers very low fuel consumption and emissions combined with high levels of driving fun. It needs just 4.3 litres of fuel per 100 km, which is 2.3 percent less than before, and emits a low 115 g/km of CO2 (combined), which is 1.7 percent lower than the current engine thanks to decreased oil pump resistance.<br />
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Enjoying the Ride<br />
The Mazda 3 facelift inherits equipment and safety technologies that make it easy to enjoy the ride. The list of equipment is long and now includes a new gear-shift indicator and an affordable navigation system to go along with state-of-the-art options to meet just about every need.<br />
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EQUIPMENT<br />
Mazda 3 facelift's standard equipment package is very generous and includes electric side mirrors, tilt and telescope steering wheel adjustment, CD player with MP3 capability and an AUX jack for hooking up an MP3 player and playing it using the factory-delivered stereo system. Depending on grade and market, leather seats with 3 memory functions plus 2 integrated in the keyless entry and start system transmitter, a premium 10-speaker Bose® sound system developed especially for the Mazda 3, Bluetooth® for playing your MP3 player wirelessly or for hands-free telephoning, iPod® and iPhone® and MP3 CD capability are also available. There is also dual-zone heating/air conditioning, a keyless entry and start system with button ignition, a parking sensor system, auto-dimming mirror, a heated windshield and a rain/light sensor system available (according to market/grade) - just to mention a few.<br />
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The new Mazda 3 is loaded with equipment that makes the trip fun and easy. It can be equipped, for instance, with an affordable, integrated navigation system as an option that delivers 99 percent coverage of Europe's major markets (except for MPS and models with Bose® sound system). It has 4 GB memory and 18 languages, a large 14.7 cm / 5.8 inch touch screen monitor, and a hands-free Bluetooth® telephone and audio connection with external microphone. This equipment package also comes with an integrated CD player + radio that includes iPod®, iPhone® (via optional connector cable) and MP3 CD capability, and steering-wheel controls. Also onboard for the first time with Mazda 3 facelift is a new gear-shift indicator (for the manual transmission MZR 1.6, MZR 2.0 DISI i-stop petrols, and all diesel engines). This system has been developed to optimize driver shift behaviour to be smoother and more fuel-efficient in all driving situations. An onboard computer calculates the amount of torque needed according to the road environment and driver operations, then displays the ideal gear the driver should shift into next, which optimizes fuel-efficiency and driving performance.<br />
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SAFETY<br />
The current Mazda 3 is one of Europe's safest compacts, having scored a maximum of 5 stars on its EURO-NCAP crash test in November 2009. For the Mazda 3 facelift, this package of cutting-edge technologies has been kept and enhanced even further.<br />
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Active Safety<br />
Mazda 3 facelift's standard safety package includes ABS, EBD, brake assist, traction control system (TCS) and DSC. An emergency stop signal (ESS) is also standard that warns following vehicles with rapidly flashing hazard lights when the driver suddenly brakes in an emergency situation, and then continues to flash normally after the car comes to a stop. Depending on grade and market, customers can enhance this even further by ordering an adaptive front lighting system with Bixenon headlamps that pivots automatically to illuminate the corner or curve, and a rear vehicle monitoring system that detects a vehicle approaching from the right or left rear or driving in the blind spot area and warns the driver (see box). A further enhancement to the Mazda 3 facelift safety is Mazda's Brake Override System, which was originally introduced with the Mazda 5 in 2010. This system always prioritizes the brake pedal over the accelerator pedal should both be engaged simultaneously, allowing the vehicle to be brought to a safe stop.<br />
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Passive Safety<br />
Mazda 3 facelift takes as its basis a strong body shell created using Mazda Advanced Impact-energy Distribution and Absorption System featuring high-strength steel reinforcements and inners at the A-pillar, the hinge pillar and the side sills. The joint between the hinge pillars and A-pillar inner panels has additional spot-welding for extra strong seams. The door impact beams have special reinforcements at their front sections to make them especially good at resisting crash force during a side impact. At the back, the rear side frames are made of tailored-blank high-tensile steel, and have a thicker and straighter crossbeam. Its structure is designed to dissipate collision energy to the front and away from the fuel tank.<br />
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Standard on the inside are front, side and curtain airbags, active front head restraints that protect the neck against whiplash, and double pretensioner seatbelts with digressive load-limiter retractors (LLR) that help reduce shock to the passenger's chest. Protecting the driver is a crushable brake pedal, crushable pads below the heel area, and an energy-absorbing steering column.<br />
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The Mazda 3 facelift inherits good pedestrian safety features as well. Its bonnet is made with an energy-absorbing structure at the cowl and fender bracket areas, to help reduce injury when struck. Energyabsorbing foam is used in the bumper beams and energy-absorbing plastic in the bumper's lower section.classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-66282768228076206742013-07-02T01:49:00.000-07:002013-07-02T01:49:05.806-07:00Maybach Xenatec Coupe, 2010<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Maybach Xenatec Coupe, 2010</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />Xenatec is pleased to announce the launch of the Maybach Xenatec Coupé built by the Karosserie Manufaktur Weinsberg - a division of Xenatec Group - in cooperation with Maybach.<br /><br />Created in 2002, the Maybach is undoubtedly one of the finest cars ever built. A powerful combination of state of the art technology, superior driving performance and opulent use of the finest materials places the Maybach in a league of its own.<br /><br />Based upon the Maybach 57S limousine, this dynamic interpretation of driver-oriented luxury sets new standards in terms of exclusivity - a very limited number of the Xenatec Coupé will be built by hand in Germany for discerning clients worldwide, and will be offered at an ex-works price of € 675,000 excluding taxes.<br /><br />The Maybach Xenatec Coupé was designed by Fredrik Burchhardt, creator of the dramatic Exelero (a joint Fulda Tyre Company/Maybach project in 2004-2005), to surpass the highest expectations - fulfilling the needs of those who prefer to savour the Maybach experience from the driver's seat, enjoying the thrill of being at the helm of a high-performance flagship for the discerning connoisseur. A technical masterpiece offering uncompromised comfort together with ample space and superior agility.<br /><br />The evolution from limousine to coupé has involved major changes to bodywork and interior, but none to the drivetrain - and to the already impressive performance - of the Maybach 57S upon which the Xenatec Coupé is based.<br /><br />Compared to the Maybach 57S limousine, major changes have been also made to the immensely strong bodywork, which has been completely redesigned and engineered and features new doors allowing for easy access to the rear passenger compartment.<br /><br />The windscreen and rear screen are more steeply raked for a sporty silhouette, lowering the roofline without compromising passenger comfort. A full glass roof can be fitted if desired, as can almost all other options available for the Maybach 57S.<br /><br />The doors and side panels as well as the front and rear fenders are new, as are the front and rear bumpers. Rear track is increased by 20 mm, and the standard 20-inch wheels allow for a marvellously supple ride whilst the optional 21-inch wheels sharpen handling to sports car levels - bringing the Maybach experience to the driver's seat.<br /><br />Every single car built to individual customer specification and handcrafted in Germany. The opportunities for personalisation, even extending to armouring the car, are almost boundless.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-77445151440576212782013-07-01T01:27:00.001-07:002013-07-01T01:27:53.964-07:00Maserati Quattroporte Sport GT S, 2010<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Maserati Quattroporte Sport GT S, 2010</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />The new Maserati Quattroporte Sport GT S sets yet another milestone in terms of sportiness in the high performance luxury saloon segment of the automotive market. Conceived and developed as "a real driving machine in the guise of a luxury saloon", the Quattroporte Sport GT S is the ultimate expression of Maserati's sportiness in the Quattroporte range.<br /><br />The technical changes to the new Maserati Quattroporte Sport GT S in respect to the Quattroporte S concern four areas:<br /><ul>
<li>the mapping of the V8 4.7 litre engine, with power increased to 323kW;</li>
<li>the gearshift management software, with new features designed to increase driving enjoyment;</li>
<li>the front and rear suspension system featuring single-rate dampers, stiffer springs and lower ride height;</li>
<li>the sports exhaust controlled by pneumatic valves for a deep, throaty and captivating sound. </li>
</ul>
<br />The sportier and more aggressive look is also evident due to the interior and exterior stylistic choices:<br /><ul>
<li>the new black grille with concave vertical fins featuring the Trident logo with red accents, typical of the sportier versions of Maserati models;</li>
<li>the new headlights, in metallic titanium finish;</li>
<li>the side and rear "shadow line", which includes black finishing around the doors, body-coloured door handles and black twin oval exhaust pipes;</li>
<li>the new M-design seats with perforated Alcantara® and leather upholstery;</li>
<li>the standard trim in Titantex, a "titanium coloured" composite material. </li>
</ul>
</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-15147616756959106362013-06-30T01:43:00.004-07:002013-06-30T01:43:59.872-07:00Lincoln MKZ, 2010<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Lincoln MKZ, 2010</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />The Lincoln MKZ features a new sport version with special sport suspension tuning with stiffer springs and larger stabilizer bars, 18-inch Euroflange polished wheels, darkened grille and headlamps, and an interior with contrasting piping and unique appliqués.<br /><br />The new Lincoln MKZ also offers segment-exclusive features, including first-in-class Blind Spot Information System (BLIS™) with Cross Traffic Alert (CTA), which makes navigating traffic and parking lots safer and easier.<br /><br />BLIS tracks vehicles in the blind-spot zones on either side of the vehicle using two multiple-beam radar modules behind the rear fenders. Indicator lights in the outside rear-view mirror on both sides of the vehicle warn the driver when a vehicle enters the defined blind-spot zone, extending from the side mirror to 10 feet behind the vehicle and 10 feet away from the vehicle.<br /><br />CTA uses the BLIS radar sensors to alert the driver of approaching traffic while in reverse and backing out of a parking spot. The CTA tracks up to 65 feet on either side of the vehicle and warns the driver through both audible and visual alerts.<br /><br />In addition to the new technology for mid-size sedans, Lincoln MKZ offers SYNC, Next-Generation Voice-Activated Navigation, keyless entry, EasyFuel capless fuel filler, THX-branded audio and adaptive HID headlamps.<br /><br />The new MKZ also features Lincoln signature design elements, including the split-wing grille and thinner wraparound head lamps for a wider, sportier look. Its chamfered front fascia also shares a family resemblance with the Lincoln MKS, with a sculpted hood and ridges flowing into the A-pillar. In the rear, the Lincoln MKZ features a new decklid with wider LED taillamps accentuating the width of the car and separated by the Lincoln star.<br /><br />The Lincoln MKZ's presence is enhanced by 17-inch aluminum wheels, available 17-inch chrome wheels, and available 18-inch polished aluminum wheels, which are included in the Sport Appearance Package with sport-tuned suspension.<br /><br />Inside, MKZ's cabin reflects an even more upscale look featuring genuine aluminum and wood depending on the trim package, an all-new instrument panel, detailed touches including new welcome lighting, chimes, tuxedo stitching on luxury leather seats and Bridge of Weir leather.<br /><br />The world-renowned luxury leather from Scotland, pioneered on the classic Lincoln Continental Mark II and used on the MKS, wraps the MKZ seats. The Lincoln MKZ leather is unembossed, allowing the natural beauty and character of the grain to shine through.<br /><br />The leather is milled for up to 12 hours to ensure a buttery soft hand, and Bridge of Weir uses a chromium-free tanning process, which makes it easier to recycle.<br /><br />Additions or improvements to the 2010 Lincoln MKZ interior:</div>
<ul>
<li>Armrest clamshell storage</li>
<li>New daytime lit and 3-dimensional instrument cluster layout with center speedometer</li>
<li>New door trim with 360-degree door handles</li>
<li>Redesigned center stack with high-mounted, Next-Generation Navigation system</li>
<li>Leather-wrapped steering wheel with real wood insert</li>
<li>Interior schemes include Dark Charcoal or Steel Gray with Swirl Walnut accents, or Light Camel with Olive Ash wood accents</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />Technology and information at your fingertips<br />The new Lincoln MKZ is more than just a pretty face and striking new interior. New technology features help Lincoln's new mid-size sedan stand out, too. They:</div>
<ul>
<li>SYNC: The voice-activated hands-free in-car communication and entertainment system developed by Ford and Microsoft. The system fully integrates most Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones and digital media players, providing customers hands-free cell phone and music selection capabilities - plus new 911 Assist and Vehicle Health Report provided with no monthly fees.</li>
<li>911 Assist: When a phone is properly paired, turned on and connected to SYNC, the system is ready to assist in placing a call directly to a local 911 emergency operator in the event of an air bag-deploying accident. The key advantage of SYNC 911 Assist is speed, as calls are placed directly to local 911 operators.</li>
<li>Vehicle Health Report (VHR): SYNC gathers relevant information from the major vehicle control modules and packages diagnostic data into a usable format in a matter of minutes. That data packet is sent to Ford via an 800-number automatically dialed using the customer's paired and operable mobile phone.</li>
<li>Voice-Activated Navigation, which integrates several functions including voice recognition destination entry, climate control and SIRIUS satellite radio into one easy-to-use system, displaying them on an 8-inch touch-screen display. The navigation system's text-to-speech function calls out street names while in route to a destination and reads incoming text messages when the system is linked to SYNC. The integrated DVD player is capable of reading CD-Audio, MP3 CDs, DVD, DVD-Audio and DVD-ROM (for digital map updates). A music jukebox function stores more than 150 hours of music. The screen even can be customized with personal photos.</li>
<li>SIRIUS Travel Link™, an industry-leading technology that, when combined with the voice-activated navigation system will provide users with real-time traffic data with accident and incident information, coast-to-coast weather data including current conditions and five-day forecasts, and fuel price information for over 120,000 gas stations.</li>
<li>Travel Link also offers sports scores and schedules and a listing of more than 4,500 movie theaters with movie times, theater addresses, movie synopses and more.</li>
<li>Reverse Camera System mounts a small camera on the decklid that is activated when the Lincoln MKZ is shifted into reverse, giving the driver a clear view behind the vehicle.</li>
<li>The video image is displayed in the navigation screen on Lincoln MKZs equipped with that option or in the self-dimming rearview mirror on vehicles without navigation.</li>
<li>Ambient Lighting System is displayed around the footwells, cup holders, door map pockets, door release handles, door and instrument accents and scuff plates - plus special "Welcome" and "Farewell" sequential lighting.</li>
<li>THX II Premium Certified Audio System with 5.1 Surround Sound, which is provided by a 12-channel amplifier that delivers 600 watts to 14 strategically placed speakers, including two subwoofers. A center channel speaker array features THX Slot Speaker™ technology, which allows for a wider sound image and better control of how music is distributed throughout the vehicle's acoustically engineered cabin. In addition, the system features a 10 GB hard drive jukebox, allowing Lincoln owners to store up to 2,400 of their favorite music tracks.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />Other features for the 2010 Lincoln MKZ:</div>
<ul>
<li>Rain-sensing wipers, which detect moisture on the windshield and activate automatically.</li>
<li>A new cabin air filter, which removes respiratory irritants and toxins caused by traffic and industrial pollution. Additionally, the air filter protects the HVAC/climate control system by blocking water and moisture.</li>
<li>Adaptive HID headlamps, which rotate according to speed and steering inputs to allow greater visibility around turns</li>
<li>SOS Post Crash Alert, which activates the horn, emergency flashers, automatically unlocks doors and turns on the interior/puddle lamps when an air bag is deployed. The system activates the emergency flashers when a spinout is detected.</li>
</ul>
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<a name='more'></a><br />Faster engine performance, strong fuel economy<br />The award-winning 3.5-liter V-6 Duratec engine powers the 2010 Lincoln MKZ, delivering 263 horsepower and 249 pounds-feet of torque. The 3.5-liter uses a compact, lightweight dual-overhead cam valvetrain for peak power and smooth operation at high RPMs.<br /><br />This engine also incorporates intake variable cam timing to optimize valve timing for a smooth idle and an impressive broad torque curve with good power.<br /><br />The six-speed SelectShift automatic transmission, which is front-wheel drive with all-wheel drive available, is standard on the 2010 Lincoln MKZ. Powertrain performance is improved dramatically, with 0-60 mph times dropping from 7.7 to 7.1 seconds.<br /><br />The engine - and the Lincoln MKZ itself - is quieter. Every piece of sound packing was redone.<br /><br />The Lincoln MKZ engineering team also concentrated on the engine mount subsystem, finding the sound that balances sportiness and luxury, said Matt Hettenhouse, powertrain team leader.<br /><br />A high 10.3:1 compression ratio and aluminum cylinder heads designed for high air flow and optimized combustion help complete the package, supporting the engine's ability to deliver great performance and fuel economy, along with low emissions.<br /><br />Unique to the 2010 Lincoln MKZ are re-engineered resonators on the air-induction system. "They deliver the powerful, refined sound Lincoln MKZ customers expect," Hettenhouse said.<br /><br />The six-speed transmission allows for lower early gears for better acceleration and taller high gears for better highway mileage. The new standard SelectShift provides the driver with manual gear selection for enhanced sportiness. Downshifts are locked out to protect the engine from over-revving. The "enhanced overdrive cancel" mode locks out the fifth and sixth gears, allows shifts at higher speed for more engine braking and downshifts for "grade assist" functionality.<br /><br />The 2010 Lincoln MKZ was completely revised and uniquely tuned for ride comfort.<br /><br />The team changed the rear suspension lower control arm control point to move the roll center closer to the center of gravity, which improved the ride-handling characteristics. A hydraulic variable-flow steering pump changes the flow rate at lower speeds to give better response, improving the turning circle and easier parking efforts.<br /><br />The Lincoln MKZ's available all-wheel drive (AWD) system has been retuned for better traction and lower noise, vibration and harshness. The system uses an electro-mechanical clutch and employs two basic modes of torque transfer - pre-emptive torque (before wheel slip) and slip-control torque (after wheel slip). This dual system gives the driver confidence in any situation, while the suspension has been specially tuned to be more neutral when cornering.<br /><br />The AWD system works in harmony with brake traction control to deliver more confidence to Lincoln MKZ customers. Ford's AdvanceTrac electronic stability control keeps drivers in command as well.<br /><br />The 2010 Lincoln MKZ is built at Ford's Hermosillo (Mexico) Stamping and Assembly Plant and will be in dealer showrooms in spring 2009.<br />classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-22081702685335441652013-06-29T02:07:00.000-07:002013-06-29T02:07:13.310-07:00Lexus ES 300h, 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<li> <b>Lexus ES 300h, 2013</b></li>
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<br />Lexus unveiled the all-new 2013 ES lineup, including the ES 350 and ES 300h equipped with Lexus Hybrid Drive. Featuring a progressive new design and enhanced handling, the 2013 ES sedan is set to continue as a favorite of luxury car buyers.<br /><br />ES 350 Now Complemented by ES 300h Hybrid<br />For the first time, the Lexus ES will be available with Lexus Hybrid Drive. Featuring a 2.5-liter four-cylinder Atkinson cycle engine, the Lexus ES 300h hybrid is expected to earn an EPA fuel economy rating of approximately 40 mpg combined city/highway.<br /><br />The low friction twin cam engine utilizes a sophisticated power management system, 12.5:1 compression ratio, and Variable Valve Timing with intelligence (VVT-i). The beltless motor is designed to improve fuel economy and durability, and a near zero evaporative fuel system helps reduce emissions.<br /><br />The Lexus ES 300h hybrid offers the driver four modes: Normal, Sport, Eco and EV. EV mode allows short distance drives, at reduced speed, using only the power from the hybrid battery pack. Normal mode provides a blend of performance and efficiency that is suited to everyday driving, while Eco mode favors fuel economy. Sport mode increases powertrain responsiveness.<br /><br />The ES 350 is powered by a 3.5-liter V6 engine with Dual VVT-i. The six-speed automatic Electronically Controlled Transmission with intelligence (ECT-i) provides enhanced performance, fuel efficiency and smooth shifts. Low friction materials further improve efficiency.<br /><br />Signature Lexus Design<br />The new ES features a lower, progressive profile, and clean, continuous styling lines from front to rear. All four corners are pulled tightly inward to the wheel arches, creating distinctive proportions. The wheelbase of the new ES has been lengthened by 1.8 inches, while the overall length of the vehicle has grown by just one inch, resulting in a more spacious interior.<br /><br />The new ES unmistakably bears the new face of Lexus with its distinctive, spindle grille. The LED daytime running lights and combination rear lamps reflect the "L" design motif. The ES 350's rear bumper sports dual exhaust pipes, while the Lexus ES 300h hybrid features a distinctive rear design with hidden exhaust and an integrated spoiler. New exterior colors for the 2013 ES include Fire Agate Pearl and Silver Lining Metallic.<br /><br />Interior Designed for Comfort and Spaciousness<br />The modern interior of the 2013 ES has been designed to provide both a sense of openness and security. Sightlines and visibility are improved, controls are logically placed, and new cabin materials express a high level of craftsmanship.<br /><br />A newly sculptured seat enhances driver comfort. The steering wheel angle has been reduced from 24 degrees to 22 degrees for a more natural control position. Fluid-filled engine mounts, new sound absorbing materials and a tuned engine intake minimize the intrusion of outside noise.<br /><br />Greater rear seat legroom and knee room are the hallmark of the redesigned, more spacious cabin. Knee room is increased by 2.8 inches and legroom is increased by 4.1 inches. The new design also offers additional foot room below the front seats.<br /><br />Available comfort and convenience features include manual door window shades, a power rear shade, and a one-touch power trunk closer. Optional ambient lighting, discretely placed under the wood trim, softly illuminates the surfaces of the instrument panel and all four doors.<br /><br />The new ES will feature enhanced NuLuxe seating surfaces, developed to reduce environmental impact. Genuine leather is also available, as is semi-aniline leather for an even more refined look and feel. Interiors are available in Black, Light Gray, and Parchment. Trim colors and materials include Piano Black, Espresso Bird's-eye Maple, and Bamboo.<br /><br />Crisp, Confident Driving Dynamics<br />Suspension and steering changes and a stiffer body deliver more precise handling. Opposite-wound coil springs on the front suspension enhance straight-line stability. Revised rear suspension geometry and improved shock absorber damping characteristics enhance ride comfort. A reduction in the steering gear ratio delivers a more responsive and direct steering feel. Increased body rigidity is achieved through lightweight, high tensile strength steel, added bracing and additional spot welds. Despite its larger size, roomier interior and additional luxury appointments, the weight of the new ES is reduced by almost 90 pounds.<br /><br />The ES will be equipped with standard 215/55R17 low rolling resistance tires on 17-inch alloy wheels, and for the first time, available 18-inch high-gloss alloy wheels.<br /><br />Driver-Focused Cockpit<br />Designed with attention to ergonomics and driver focus, the cockpit features separate display and operation zones to help keep the driver's eyes on the road. The instrument panel, with its long, layered look, places the main information display directly in the driver's line of sight. Just below the center display is a self-illuminating LED analog clock. Controls are clustered beneath the information zone, on the steering wheel, and on the center console.<br /><br />The second-generation Remote Touch Interface (RTI) allows the user to operate the climate, audio, phone controls, optional navigation system and more. The screen menus are selected with a controller conveniently located on the center console. RTI reduces eye and hand movement, helping reduce effort and distraction.<br /><br />Safety Features<br />An array of safety features aid the driver. The available Blind Spot Monitor with Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA) helps detect vehicles in side blind spots. The RCTA alerts the driver to rear cross traffic when backing out of a parking spot. Available Lane Departure Alert (LDA) is integrated with automatic high beam dimming technology. The available Pre-Collision System (PCS) uses sub-millimeter wave radar to detect obstructions and prepare the vehicle for a potential collision.<br /><br />The ES features a segment-leading 10 airbags as standard equipment, including driver and front passenger knee and front air bags, as well as front and rear seat-mounted side and curtain airbags. Whiplash Injury Lessening (WIL) front seats are designed to limit excessive head movement in certain rear-end collisions helping to decrease the severity of whiplash-type injuries.<br /><br />Lexus Safety Connect, including Enhanced Roadside Assistance, an Emergency Assistance Button (SOS), Stolen Vehicle Location services, and Automatic Collision Notification to a Safety Connect center is standard on the new ES. A one-year trial subscription for Safety Connect is included.<br /><br />Lexus Multimedia<br />The new ES features the next-generation Lexus Enform® system. Lexus Enform® provides seamless connectivity with Bing™ search, iHeartRadio, MovieTickets.com, OpenTable®, Pandora®, Yelp® and Facebook Places through compatible smart phones. Apps are updated through over-the-air downloads, so new apps and content can be added as they become available. One-year trial subscriptions to Lexus Enform with Safety Connect and the Application Suite are included.<br /><br />The standard Lexus Premium Sound System features eight speakers with Automatic Sound Levelizer, CD player, USB/iPod® connectivity, Bluetooth® and a SiriusXM receiver. The available Display Audio package adds a seven-inch screen, a backup camera, HD Radio™ with iTunes® tagging, Bluetooth audio, phone transfer, and a vehicle information display. The optional HDD Navigation System includes voice command and an integrated backup camera.<br /><br />An available 15-speaker Mark Levinson® audio system features an eight-inch display screen, HD Radio™ with iTunes® tagging, DVD audio/video and a SiriusXM receiver. Exclusive GreenEdge technology from Mark Levinson doubles the output of the amplifier, while reducing energy consumption by fifty percent.<br /><br />"The new Lexus ES 350 and ES 300h hybrid combine technology, style and performance to please current ES owners and attract new buyers," said Templin. "With the addition of the ES 300h, Lexus truly offers something for everyone in the entry luxury segment."</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-70489945396264217852013-06-28T01:55:00.002-07:002013-06-28T01:55:59.771-07:00Land Rover Defender Electric Concept, 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Land Rover Defender Electric Concept, 2013</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />Land Rover is continuing to champion British innovation and cutting-edge automotive engineering by unveiling seven new Electric Defender models at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show. The research vehicle delivers zero emissions while retaining its tough, go-anywhere capability.<br /><br />The standard diesel engine and gearbox have been replaced by a 70kW (94bhp), 330Nm electric motor twinned with a 300-volt, lithium-ion battery with a capacity of 27kWh, giving a range of more than 50 miles. In typical, low speed off-road use it can last for up to eight hours before recharging. The battery can be fully charged by a 7kW fast charger in four hours, or a portable 3kW charger in 10 hours.<br /><br />The electric vehicles (EVs) retain the Defender's legendary four-wheel drive system and differential lock. Because the electric motor delivers maximum torque from the moment it starts, there's no need for gear shifting and the transmission comprises a single speed, 2.7:1 reduction gearbox combined with the existing Defender four-wheel drive system. A modified version of Land Rover's Terrain Response® System has also been incorporated.<br /><br />The vehicles were developed by Land Rover's Advanced Engineering Team following successful trials of the Defender-based electric vehicle, Leopard 1. The vehicles' capability has been tested in extreme and environmentally sensitive conditions, demonstrating capabilities not shared by conventional road-going EVs. Trials included pulling a 12-tonne 'road train' up a 13 percent gradient and wading to a depth of 800mm.<br /><br />In keeping with Land Rover's 'Tread Lightly' philosophy the smooth, low-speed capability of the electric drivetrain makes the Electric Defenders especially well suited to climbing obstacles without damaging the ground unnecessarily.<br /><br />The battery weighs 410kg and is mounted in the front of the Defender in place of the diesel engine. Kerb weight is 100kg more than a basic Defender 110 and ranges from 2055kg to 2162kg depending whether the body style is a pick-up, hard top or station wagon.<br /><br />All the major components in the electric powertrain - including the battery, inverter and motor - are air-cooled rather than liquid cooled, saving a considerable amount of weight and complexity and adding robustness. Regenerative braking has been optimised to such an extent that using Hill Descent Control, the motor can generate 30kW of electricity. Because the battery technology can be charged very quickly at a rate of up to twice its capacity of 54kW without reducing battery life, almost all of the regenerated energy can be recovered and stored. Up to 80 percent of the kinetic energy in the vehicle can be recovered in this way, depending on conditions.<br /></div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-10855237405371923872013-06-27T01:46:00.003-07:002013-06-27T01:46:32.848-07:00Lancia Thema, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Lancia Thema, 2012</b></li>
</ul>
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<br />The new Lancia Thema and Voyager are making their debuts. These are the first two models emerging from the alliance between Lancia and Chrysler, which by now have become a single identity founded on the same will to excel in the future and on the values engraved in their respective century-old histories: design and innovation.<br /><br />Therefore, this is a significant moment in the history of two brands that have written some of the most important pages in international automotive history. This is why a place full of charm was chosen to present the two cars to the international media: Piazza Carignano in Turin, where the monumental Palazzo Carignano stands. It is the seat of the first Italian parliament and symbol of the Italian unification born 150 years ago. The adventure of a new automotive dynasty embodying the best of two industrial cultures today is starting off from the same temple of Italian unification. The exuberant style, flair for delivering a "stress-free experience and functionality all associated with the Chrysler brand are coupled with the Italian taste, innovation and technological efficiency and attention to the tiniest details that have always distinguished Lancia.<br /><br />Today as always, the same desire to offer a true alternative in the respective market segments is at the heart of the two new models. With a heritage of values in its DNA, Lancia appears to be favoured over other brands for its ability to interpret this new world of exclusiveness and to meet the needs of a customer more attentive to technology, who demands not only a substantial product, but also a distinctive and unique style. Besides, whoever chooses a Lancia vehicle starts a new trend because he follows only his own personality. The new Thema and Voyager, statements of a concrete value Lancia is introducing to the market for the first time, have been created for this customer. This value is not meant as innovation into itself, but as technology "at the service" of driver and passengers, offered at an accessible price and above all free from excess and what is superfluous.<br /><br />The affirmation is backed by a century-old history peppered with innovation and records. One of the widest ranges on the international scene stands proof to it. It starts with segment B (new Ypsilon), continues with the mid-sized segment (new Delta and Musa), and is completed with the flagship (new Thema), the Large MPVs (new Voyager) and, soon to come, the alluring segment D convertibles (new Flavia Cabrio).<br /><br />The new Lancia Thema and Voyager are therefore the first concrete example of how it is possible to join two worlds so geographically distant yet so close in their essence. This perfect alchemy expertly combines the American exterior shape embellished with interiors clearly marked by Italian taste; powerful engines according to the best American tradition "abated" by European eco-friendly efficiency; typically American large dimensions combined with Italian expertise in compact cars; "stars and stripes" comfort and versatility enhanced by exceptional European handling. In short, Granturismo returns on the roads of the world. It is a term that means travelling at the wheel of a powerful, comfortable, elegant, and never exaggerated car. Like a Lancia. A style that does not like to show off, but prefers discretion. Mechanics designed to excel in performance, safety and driving pleasure. A cutting-edge technology that does not flaunt, but that gives the maximum of on-board wellbeing to ensure the best travelling possible.<br /><br />The first global flagship that brings together the best of two worlds by combining the expertise and functionality distinctive of the Chrysler brand with the luxury of Poltrona Frau® leather interiors, the cocooning silence of the large Lancias and the attention to detail that express the best of Italian design.<br /><br />Five metres long, 1.5 metres high, 1.9 metres wide and with a wheelbase of 3 metres, the Lancia Thema was designed based on the new Chrysler 300, in turn created on the Chrysler Group LX rear wheel drive platform, and like its predecessor in 1984, it is ready to take on the toughest and most prestigious segment, striving to offer a genuine alternative. To achieve this objective, in addition to a style brimming with a strong personality, the new car offers a passenger compartment that is a true best-in-class living room in terms of level of quiet, embellished with quality materials that make it warm and exclusive, far from the cold and rational surfaces of other cars of its segment.<br /><br />Corresponding to elegance of character is the largest wealth of features ever offered in the safety field. In fact, there are more than 70 systems installed on the new Lancia flagship, including the Adaptive Speed Control (ACC) that adjusts the speed and automatically brakes to maintain the safety distance and the "Blind Spot Detection" that signals entry of a vehicle into the blind spot.<br /><br />Contributing to making the Lancia Thema the new paradigm of the segment are also the sun roof, the largest in its market segment, and the U-Connect system with 8.4" touchscreen, the largest of its category. Designed to supply power and efficiency in town traffic and during long journeys, the Lancia flagship offers two different 6-cylinder engine versions, both with automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive: the powerful Pentastar V6 3.6 litre petrol engine delivering 286 HP, combined with an innovative 8-speed ZF automatic gearbox, and a latest generation V6 3.0 litre turbo diesel engine in two power levels (190 HP and 239 HP).<br /><br />So if the Lancia Thema marks a new chapter in the legendary history of the large Lancia saloons, the new Voyager is the evolution of a Chrysler invention born in 1984 that radically changed motoring language by adding a new word and creating a new world: MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle).<br /><br />Since then 27 years have elapsed, more than 13 million units have been sold in 120 countries around the world and thousands of experiences, solutions and ideas have been accumulated that lie behind the renowned expertise of Chrysler in this market segment. Today, thanks to the alliance between the two brands, the American model "meets" Italian style to blend into a new automotive form that unites Chrysler's expertise for travelling with Lancia's for driving pleasure, on-board wellbeing, quiet in the passenger compartment and Italian design. The result is the best Voyager ever, a top-of-the-range MPV that takes up the baton from the Lancia Phedra to write another page in the history of this category.<br /><br />The benchmark in the segment of large MPVs, the new Voyager boasts generous dimensions. It is 5.21 metres long, 1.99 m wide, 1.75 m high and has a wheelbase of approximately 3.1 metres. - These features are matched by a passenger compartment that is the largest and most versatile in its class. It can comfortably accommodate up to 7 people and, thanks to the Stow 'n Go® system patented by Chrysler, frees up all the space needed for rear passengers and their luggage, without having to remove any seats.<br /><br />With these records the Lancia Voyager adds the secrets of Italian hospitality. It is in fact a car that welcomes its guests with good taste, warmth and generosity. Proof of that is found both in the outstanding level of quiet achieved and in the precious Nappa interiors, from the elegant Nappa leather upholstery to the workmanship level of care found in the smallest details. Furthermore, the special suspension system ensures excellent travelling comfort combined with a dynamic behaviour always ready and accurate.<br /><br />The new Voyager boasts an elegant, convivial and protective atmosphere in which you always feel at ease like at home. This sensation is also confirmed by the sophisticated entertainment system for the rear passengers that, thanks to two 9" LCD screens with remote control and wireless headphones, can enjoy a movie, listen to a music CD or have fun with their favourite videogames.<br /><br />Lancia Voyager is the new MPV that turns the concept of a simple "means of transport" into a rich travel experience. That is because a "great trip" is not just leaving and arriving, but is instead a continuous string of emotions. Just to further enhance your travelling experience, the new Lancia MPV offers the lively 163 HP Diesel 2.8L and the powerful 283 HP 3.6 litre engines.<br /><br />Style: classic shapes and powerful lines<br />The Lancia flagship with rear wheel drive boasts generous dimensions - measuring 5066 mm long, 1488 mm high, 1902 wide and with a wheelbase of 3052 mm - and offers the classic proportions developed according to a style brimming with a strong personality.<br /><br />On the front end, the grille merges the Lancia logo and the horizontal bars expressing precision and formal rigour into a single pattern. The chrome-plated finishes of the bars and the outline of the logo create a peculiar contrast inside the frame, also chrome-plated.<br /><br />To highlight how attention to style and functionality go hand in hand on the new Lancia Thema, just think of the bi-xenon headlights with adaptive front lighting (AFL) created for lighting the curves that loom ahead. The stylish scalloped lower edge accentuates this important function, giving the headlight perimeter an unmistakable character. The LED daylights beside the headlights create an exclusive C-shape, giving it an unmistakable presence on the road.<br /><br />The sculpted shape of the Lancia Thema's bonnet merges with the band and front wings to create a set of clean and refined lines. In detail, the characteristic lines on the bonnet converge toward the front wings while a slightly sculpted centre toothing testifies to the attention to detail. What's more, the pronounced angle of the windscreen guarantees an aerodynamic effect and the slim pillars enable the driver to benefit from excellent visibility.<br /><br />With the new two-panel panoramic sunroof, the largest of its class, the new Thema's passengers can now allow natural light to pour into both the front and the back, taking advantage of an external view double that of a normal sunroof. The Lancia Thema stands out for the marked kick plates and body side showing off a clean style, characterised by an exposed flared line that highlights the silhouette of the saloon and the spaciousness of the passenger compartment. The marked wing lines, raised with respect to the bonnet and tailgate surfaces, connect the front and rear parts.<br /><br />When looking at the profile, the high waistline reveals the classic proportions of the bodyshell while the smaller size of the pillars and the presence of a fixed side window on the rear doors contribute to improving external visibility. The new Thema is characterised by the convex structure of the doors stylishly embellished with chrome-plated mouldings. The triple seals of the doors impeccably fitted ensure an unprecedented quietness inside.<br /><br />The chrome-plated mirrors have been developed to ensure an excellent aerodynamic performance thanks to the addition of a self-darkening rear view mirror (driver's and passenger side), the Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM) visual indicator and the Rear Cross Path (RCP) system. The mirrors are also equipped with a LED direction indicator emanating light along the vehicle profile for greater safety.<br /><br />Unmistakably pronounced although nearly imperceptible, the lines of the shoulder refer to the front and rear wheel arch shape. And thanks to its 20" aluminium wheels, the new Lancia Thema seems to be even more "flattened" to the ground, which underscores its high road grip qualities.<br /><br />Rounding off the Lancia Thema's outstanding finishing, the end of the tailgate sports a built-in spoiler with the centrally Lancia logo sitting proudly below. The two harmoniously designed LED tail lights are linked by a chrome-plated fascia which underlines the class of the new flagship. Crossed by the vertical tail light clusters, the Thema's rear band is equipped with a chrome support that links the elements of the rear lights. The oval twin tailpipes represent a detail that perfectly blends in with the rest of the vehicle to elegantly complete its styling and to herald its performance on the road.<br /><br />Quality: new standards and Italian class<br />Elegance, comfort and quality: the new Lancia Thema combines segment-leading standards with the unmistakable comfort and class that have always set Lancia cars apart.<br /><br />With the new flagship, the brand is interpreting the theme of the great saloon of prestige according to its chromosomes. Chromosomes that come from the typically Italian craftsmanship that expertly uses prestigious materials not only based on their looks, but also on the sensory reactions they are able to give. And that's not all. The new Thema boasts a top-level construction quality thanks to the use of the most up-to-date industrial technologies.<br /><br />Refined interiors in keeping with the best of Italian design<br />The Lancia Thema's interiors are distinguished by the use of soft touch materials, luxury interior trims with the option of seats in Nappa leather and a Poltrona Frau® leather-clad dashboard, as well as real wood inserts on the centre console, panels, doors and steering wheel (in two-tone leather on the Executive version). In addition, the instrument panels are treated with the cast skin technique, making it similar to leather, while the panel surfaces of the 3D double grain emphasize the aesthetic and flexibility qualities.<br /><br />In order to guarantee "best-in-class" comfort, the new seats have been designed with new architecture which includes serpentine spring suspension. The front seats offer four-way lumbar adjustment with up/down and front/back direction actuators and density adjuster in the lower part of the seats, in the backrest and upholstery for even greater comfort during the adjustment. A stiffer foam material is used in the side upholstery to achieve greater lateral containment, while a foam with less intensity is used in the lower part of the seats and in the backrest to increase comfort during long journeys.<br /><br />All the front seats have backrests with a sculpted shape, which provide about 20 cm more space for the knees of back seat passengers besides improving its appearance. The seat guides are located at the end of the base, in this way ensuring more rear passenger foot room. The front seats are equipped with reactive headrests that mechanically move forward in the event of a rear collision.<br /><br />The dashboard is enhanced by discreet chrome finishing and by a dashboard with double cluster featuring Sapphire Blue lighting, a colour also used for the passenger compartment LED lighting. Standing out in the middle of the dashboard is the biggest touchscreen radio of its class (available as standard) that offers the Lancia Thema's passengers high quality connectivity. Thanks to a 8.4" colour touchscreen, the new Uconnect Touch (8.4 and 8.4N) models contain next-generation infotainment technologies and new on-board technologies offering practical functionality as ever. These technologies include the Garmin® navigation system with innovative functions; the Uconnect system with voice commands and Bluetooth®; an SD card reader compatible with music files in MP3/WMA format; a USB port with iPod® command; a single DVD and CD player with reading of MP3/WMA formats; dual zone climate control commands; and an AM/FM radio.<br /><br />For the Thema comfort does not mean only space, silence and technology, but also the convenience of stowing away items. The central armrest was specially created to guarantee its optimum use as it can be slid lengthwise. A sliding tray in opaque flocked rubber, another flocked compartment plus power connectors for connecting personal peripheral devices are reached from the storage compartment under the armrest. The two front cup holders have a roller closing and are equipped with Sapphire Blue LED light rings and object locking devices to block drink holders of various sizes. On request, cooled/heated cup holders illuminated by intuitive colours (bright blue for cold and red for hot) are available.<br /><br />Some large bottle supports and granular structure surfaces are built into the oversize pockets on all the doors, while a storage compartment located forward with respect to the automatic transmission surface provides access to a rubber mat with flocked surface and internal lighting. There is also a roomy glove compartment with central lighting providing a more uniform light distribution and an upper shelf to place the owner handbook.<br /><br />Dedicated teams to achieve the highest levels of quality<br />We draw major impressions when we look at and touch the passenger compartment of a car, when looking at its details, sitting down on the seats, grasping the steering wheel, and when assessing the pleasantness of the surroundings and the quality of the upholstery and finishes. All of this is called "perceived quality". The opinion drawn from it is the summation of a thousand different characteristics, from the shape of the objects to the materials with which they are made and the individual colours and combination to the tactile sensations we get. All of these stimuli contribute to giving the final perception to an equal extent.<br /><br />The Lancia Thema is one of the first vehicles produced by the Fiat-Chrysler Group to be examined by a special company team that during the digital design process examined "perceived quality" from the point of view of the most demanding customers. The team achieved this by working in close contact with designers and engineers in order to improve the assembly and finishes, the quality of the surfaces and materials, besides the acoustic quality of moving parts like the doors and compartments.<br /><br />An example? Attention devoted to the roller closing that covers the front cup holders. Not only has this closing been optimised in terms of styling and assembly, but also for that which concerns the sense of refinement and the sound that it emits when closed and opened. Given that there are some elements that some customers would prefer not to touch, the Lancia Thema is characterised by a fuel flap without cap that opens simply by pressing a button.<br /><br />The same care is given to the choice of materials, as demonstrated by the walnut and the leather of the steering wheel that are polished and hand-sewn respectively. Also the stitchings are strategically placed in very specific points with the aim of eliminating any roughness that can come into contact with the driver's hands.<br /><br />The final result is a passenger compartment of superior quality, also thanks to the work performed at the plant in Brampton (Toronto, Canada) where the new Thema is produced. The plant has recently been renovated according to the principles of World Class Manufacturing (WCM), the international method of production cycle organisation that embraces all the plant processes: from safety and environment to maintenance, logistics and quality. The goal is to continuously improve production performance while seeking to gradually eliminate waste in order to guarantee product quality and maximum flexibility in meeting the customer's demands through the involvement and motivation of the people working at the plants.<br /><br />Specifically, a new Metrology Centre was set up in Brampton to further improve the new Lancia Thema's quality. It is used for the entire Fiat production system. Extending over a surface area of more than 3,200 square metres, the Centre measures and validates the geometry of the bodyshell. To be emphasised is that the tools available to the Metrology Centre are used to test the resistance of the entire plate structure of the vehicle at the minimum tolerances (minimum like the diameter of a human hair) with the aim of identifying any deviations between the product and process.<br /><br />Performance: power and efficiency<br />Designed to supply power and efficiency in town traffic and during long journeys, the new Lancia Thema offers two different 6-cylinder engine versions, all with automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive. The Pentastar V6 3.6 litre petrol engine delivers 286 HP, and has an 8-speed automatic transmission. The V6 3.0 litre Multijet II diesel engine is available in two power levels: 190 HP and 239 HP, both with 5-speed automatic transmission.</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />286 HP 3.6-litre V6 Pentastar<br />The new 3.6-litre V6 Pentastar engine by the Chrysler Group is produced entirely in aluminium at 60°, and is available on all trim levels.<br /><br />The engine has double overhead camshafts (DOHC) with independent double camshaft with timing, integrated exhaust manifolds, piston skirts covered with polymeric materials, forged steel connecting rods, and 60° die-cast aluminium crankcase. The engine delivers 286 HP (210 kW) of power at 6350 rpm and torque of 340 Nm at 4650 rpm.<br /><br />Together with the Variable Valve Timing (VVT), the two camshafts on the upper part of the head with high flow intake and exhaust valves offer optimum volumetric and fuel efficiency in the entire load and rpm interval. What results is an exceptionally flat torque curve with high specific power. The maximum engine torque is delivered in a wide range with 90% achieved at a speed falling between 1800 and 6350 rpm, offering customers outstanding driving and reactivity features.<br /><br />More specifically, this six-cylinder engine has CO2 emissions of 219 g/km (combined cycle fuel consumption: 9.4 l/100 km) thanks to new technological innovations introduced in observance of the Euro 5 regulations. This equipment level allows the new Thema to achieve a top speed of 240 km/h and acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in just 7.7 seconds. This result is also partly thanks to the new automatic ZF 8-speed gearbox.<br /><br />Sophistication of the single components was a key goal during the engine design phase, achieved by using state-of-the-art computer-aided design techniques. The structural intake and exhaust zones of the engine have been designed to reduce the noise levels and to attain specific goals regarding perceptible quality, in this way meeting the expectations of attentive customers. Structural rigidity is guaranteed by using four bolts on the main bearing supports side by side with another two additional bolts secured transversely. A structural bulkhead in the oil sump contributes to improving rigidity and supplying more power.<br /><br />Designed in compliance with environmental criteria, the Pentastar 3.6-litre V6 engine does not require the use of lead during its manufacturing stages and is fitted with an eco-friendly oil filtering system. The integrated radiator/oil filtering system uses a filtering element that can be burnt instead of disposed of in a landfill like the traditional filtering systems. The use of standard mineral oil-based long-life spark plugs and a direct ignition system with high energy distribution reduces maintenance costs.<br /><br />The new 3.6-litre V6 Pentastar engine is produced at the Chrysler Group LLC plants in Trenton, Michigan (USA), the first Chrysler plant to win the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) award.<br /><br />190 HP and 239 HP 3.0L Multijet II V6<br />The Euro 5 diesel engine - built by VM Motori and developed together with Fiat Powertrain -delivers 190 HP at 4000 rpm and 239 HP at 4000 rpm. The new 3.0 V6 engine is equipped with 5-speed automatic transmission. The 239 HP version has a maximum torque of 550 Nm at 1800-2800 rpm, while the 190 HP version has a maximum torque of 440 Nm at 1600-2800 rpm. The CO2 emissions total 185 g/km and combined cycle fuel consumption is 7.1 l/100km for both versions. This equipment level allows the new Lancia Thema to achieve a top speed of 230 km/h and acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in 7.8 seconds (239 HP) and 9.7 seconds (190 HP).<br /><br />The new 3.0-litre turbodiesel engine is a compact 60-degree graphite cast iron block with aluminium heads and structural aluminium oil sump in two elements. The bore is 83 mm and the stroke is 92 mm. Total displacement is 2987 cm3. Bore distance is 96 mm.<br /><br />Compact and lightweight, the new engine is 695 mm long, 729 mm wide and 697.5 mm high. The total weight of the new engine is 230 kg.<br /><br />The engine block has a new architecture with reinforced structure that comprises a crankcase able give the crankshaft a rigid support. This in turn contributes to reducing, on the whole, the noise of the reciprocating lower components and to improving quietness, vibrations and rigidity.<br /><br />The aluminium oil sump in two elements is designed to provide resistance and improve the quietness of the engine in order to increase the structural rigidity of the engine block. The crankcase has a 7.7-litre capacity.<br /><br />The heads are made of aluminium and are the twin overhead camshaft type with chain drive and four valves per cylinder. The intake and exhaust valves have diameters of 28 mm and 24.5 mm, respectively. The combustion chamber volume is 24.68 cm3.<br /><br />The forged steel crankshaft is supported by four bearings equipped with main supports with four holes incorporated in the crankcase. Balanced on the outside, the crankshaft is 442.2 mm long. This feature made it possible to reduce the engine configuration requirements on the whole. The cast iron connecting rods have a total length of 162.9 mm.<br /><br />The shell cast aluminium pistons are lightweight and have been redesigned so as to minimize friction. The compression ratio of the new diesel engine is 16.5:1 and provides a cleaner combustion while at the same time ensuring more power.<br /><br />The main bearing supports are lead-free to guarantee less environmental impact both during production and during the later engine recycling phases.<br /><br />The induction system includes the turbulence control system to optimise combustion. Fitted between the intake system and the combustion chamber, turbulence control supplies the best flow of air through the combustion chamber to optimise the engine's efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions.<br /><br />The 1800 bar common rail injection system ensures the exact fuel supply. Thanks to the new MultiJet II technology, which makes use of a special balanced solenoid valve, the new injector is capable of making up to 8 injection per cycle with the possibility of managing the two main injections in a single modular profile (IRS - Injection Rate Shaping) thus guaranteeing a reduction in consumption and polluting emissions of approximately 2% compared to a traditional injector and ensuring a drastic reduction in noise levels.<br /><br />The new 3.0-litre diesel engine uses a single variable geometry Garrett VGT 2056 turbocharger with air/air Intercooler able to supply an almost immediate response.<br /><br />5 and 8-speed automatic transmission<br />The new Lancia Thema is equipped with the tried and tested W5A580 five-speed automatic transmission on the diesel engines and the 8R45 eight-speed automatic transmission developed by ZF combined with the 3.6-litre V6 Pentastar engine. This latter transmission is particularly characterised by an exceptionally smooth gear change, very low fuel consumption and response time, making it one of best sports automatic transmissions available on the market.<br /><br />The higher total transmission ratio and the shorter travel distances of the gears, in particular the first and second, contribute to rapid accelerations. A lower number of "heavy" of gear sets also ensures reliable operation.<br /><br />Furthermore, 200 thousandths of a second is the time the 8-speed automatic transmission takes to change from one gear to another, which ensures exceptional driving pleasure, efficiency and ultimate comfort. Not even a professional driver changes gears with this speed.<br /><br />The AutoStick function allows the driver to engage a higher or lower gear, while calibration of the transmission controller prevents the engine from over-revving. An adaptive electronic control for all gearshift types increases engine response, thereby reducing its rigidity. The final drive ratio of the Thema is equal to 2.65, supplying high efficiency both about town and on longer journeys.<br /><br />Safety times 70<br />The Lancia Thema offers 70 advanced preventive, active and passive safety features. The main devices and systems on board the Lancia flagship are described below.<br /><br />Active safety<br />A constant, predictable handling of the car that compensates for any mistakes by the driver, allowing critical situations to be tackled effortlessly, is a fundamental requirement for achieving high active safety. In this field the Lancia Thema comes with not only an excellent braking system, but also the most sophisticated electronic dynamic control devices available today.<br /><br />Antilock Braking System (ABS): detects and prevents the wheels from locking by acting independently on all four wheels, improving steering control in extreme braking conditions and/or on slippery surfaces (standard);<br /><br />Antilock braking system with bumpy road detection: this system is able to detect if the vehicle is travelling on rough roads based on the oscillations of the speed signals of the wheels. When a rough road or slippery stretch is detected, the ABS activates a slightly different pressure control that maintains brake pressure in the event of prolonged pressure (standard);<br /><br />Traction control at all speeds: it is part of the ABS system as standard and aids preventing the drive wheels from slipping during acceleration from standstill or at all speeds by using the brakes on the single wheels or in combination with the engine torque limiting device (standard);<br /><br />Speed and safety distance control (ACC): the system reduces the Lancia Thema's set cruise speed when it approaches another vehicle in the same lane or when another vehicle enters the same lane. The system returns to the set speed when the vehicle in front accelerates or moves to another lane. The ACC maintains the distance set by the driver between the two vehicles, thus allowing the Cruise Control to be used also in light traffic, without having to continuously modify the settings;<br /><br />Braking Traction Control System (BTCS): it reduces the risk of the drive wheels slipping during acceleration from standstill or at a low speed by using the brakes on the single wheels in the event of slipping (standard);<br /><br />Braking assistance: the system applies maximum braking power in emergency braking situations, thus ensuring the minimum stopping distance (standard);<br /><br />Braking redefinition: the brake signal sends the engine controller a signal that reduces engine power when there are contrasting impulses between the accelerator and brake, allowing the driver to stop the Thema (standard);<br /><br />Electronic Stability Control (ESC): it increases the driver's control of the vehicle to allow him to maintain a stable direction in all driving conditions. It is useful in critical situations, when cornering and when driving on mixed surfaces in the presence of snow, ice or gravel for example. If a difference between the driver's action on the steering wheel and the vehicle path is detected, the ESC applies selective braking and then restores the accelerator's action, returning the vehicle to the speed the driver wants (standard);<br /><br />Hill-start Assist (HSA): it prevents the Thema from moving back by maintaining the braking pressure applied by the driver for a brief period after he removes his foot from the brake pedal, in this way helping the driver when starting off uphill from a standstill (standard).<br /><br />Preventive safety<br />From climate control inside the passenger compartment and external lighting to the infotainment connection and parking assistance: the Lancia Thema steps in to always ensure utmost peace of mind and prevention, whatever the situation may be.<br /><br />Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM): it uses ultra broadband radar sensors that assist the driver during lane changes and when the Thema is overtaken or overtakes vehicles concealed from view. The system notifies the driver of the presence of a vehicle in the blind spots with illuminated icons on the side mirrors and by activating an acoustic signal selected by the driver;<br /><br />Forward Collision Warning (FCW): the radar sensors located in the front direction are used by the device to check if the vehicle is approaching the vehicle travelling in front of it too quickly and, if necessary, to send a signal to the driver so he can take steps to avoid an accident;<br /><br />Adaptive Forward Lighting (AFL): this system externally adjusts the headlight beam up to 15 degrees to the right or to the left, depending on the direction of rotation of the vehicle (standard);<br /><br />Automatic Demisting: this allows the automatic temperature control system (ATC) of the Lancia Thema to measure the humidity level inside the vehicle and automatically demist the windscreen without any intervention by the driver (standard);<br /><br />Automatic headlights: system able to detect decreased lighting conditions (also while going through tunnels) that automatically activates the headlights without any intervention by the driver (standard);<br /><br />Automatic windscreen wipers: convenient device that automatically detects the presence of humidity on the Thema's windscreen and activates the windscreen wipers (standard on Platinum and Executive);<br /><br />Daytime Running Lights (DRL): LED daylights that comply with current legal regulations (standard);<br /><br />LED Daytime Running Lights (DRL): greater forward lighting to make the vehicle more visible with harmonious and effective lighting (standard);<br /><br />LED taillights: equipped with double lighting harmoniously and effectively integrated in the rear light cluster by way of the single lighting LEDs (standard);<br /><br />High-intensity discharge headlights (HID): they supply lighting three times greater than the quantity of light produced by traditional headlamps, considerably improving night lighting (standard);<br /><br />SmartBeam headlights®: the headlight system adapts to the light of the surrounding environment and to the arriving traffic in order to supply maximum lighting (standard for Platinum and Executive);<br /><br />Ready Alert Braking: device able to predict if the driver is starting emergency braking, and it uses the ESC pump to move the brake pads closer to the rotors and reduce the time required for applying the brakes (standard);<br /><br />Rain Brake Support: this system uses the pump of the electronic stability control system (ESC) to slightly push the brake pads toward the rotors of the brakes when it rains to keep them dry, thus ensuring excellent braking performance on wet surfaces (standard);<br /><br />Rear Cross Path Detection (RCP): the device informs the driver when it detects arriving traffic during reversing to leave a parking space. It is enabled when the reverse gear is engaged. The system notifies the driver of the presence of vehicles coming from behind with illuminated icons on the side mirrors and by activating an acoustic signal selected by the driver;<br /><br />ParkSense® rear parking assistance system: this system helps detect still objects during reverse parking at low speed. It emits acoustic signals for the driver and is equipped with a screen inserted in the instrument panel in the onboard computer (EVIC), standard;<br /><br />ParkView® rear reverse camera: it offers a wide-angle view of the area immediately behind the vehicle on the screen of the navigation system, thus allowing the driver to reverse with greater peace of mind. A grid to use as reference for parking manoeuvres in limited spaces and narrow zones is displayed on the screen. The image is displayed on the Uconnect Touch screen when reverse is engaged (standard);<br /><br />Keyless Enter-N-Go: several electronic sensors detect the presence of the remote control included in the key when getting into the Lancia Thema. At this point, you can press the starting button without having to insert the ignition key (the driver must press the brake pedal when starting the vehicle); standard;<br /><br />Electrically adjustable and telescopic steering column with memorising function: it allows the steering column to be tilted and its height to be adjusted to the driver in order to optimize the driver's comfort (standard for Platinum and Executive);<br /><br />Tyre Pressure Monitoring (TPM): the driver is informed that the tyre pressure is too low. The pressure sensor modules inside the valve stem of the four wheels send radio frequency signals to a receiver and the system. The information on the pressure of the single tyres can be displayed on the on-board computer (EVIC) (standard);<br /><br />BeltAlert: it activates an acoustic signal and/or displays an icon on the instrument panel to remind the driver and passenger to fasten their seat belts when the front seat occupants of the Thema travel without having fastened their seat belts (standard);<br /><br />Auto-reverse sunroof: advanced detection system that in the event of any obstacles is automatically activated to reverse sunroof movement to the opening position;<br /><br />Electric windows with quick control: electric front windows with quick opening and closing control by pressure located on the front doors, both driver's side and passenger side (standard);<br /><br />Intelligent Battery Sensor (IBS): device that continuously measures the flow of current going into and leaving the battery. If the battery is running down, the system intelligently disables the less critical electric systems to prevent the customer from remaining on foot because the battery is discharged or flat. An icon appears on the instrument panel when the IBS executes an automatic charge lightening (standard);<br /><br />Garmin® navigation system: maps easy to consult with voice instructions, more than six million points of interest and lane instructions;<br /><br />Uconnect® Touch: it offers exceptional infotainment functions and advanced on-board technologies to keep passengers connected, safe and completely comfortable (standard);<br /><br />Uconnect Voice Command: on-board communication system with voice activation that allows the driver to use a Bluetooth compatible mobile phone while keeping his hands on the steering and without taking his eyes off the road. The phonebook is automatically downloaded and up to 1,000 items are synchronised the first time the Bluetooth mobile phone is connected. Afterwards, they can be selected by simply saying the corresponding name. It also allows the driver to select one of the available radio modes and to tune AM/FM stations using natural voice commands. The hands-free option preserves safety, freedom of movement and flexibility (standard);<br /><br />PowerNet: new electric architecture of the Lancia Thema for connectivity between the different advanced technologies and options for on-board personalisation (standard);<br /><br />Active direction indicators: the direction indicator flashes three times when the lever is activated for one second to indicate a lane change (standard);<br /><br />External self-darkening rear view mirror (driver's side): detects and reduces any dazzling created by the headlights of vehicles behind without any intervention by the driver (standard);<br /><br />Internal self-darkening rear view mirror: detects and reduces any dazzling created by the headlights of vehicles behind without any intervention by the driver (standard);<br /><br />Mirrors with additional direction indicators: positioned in the external rear view mirrors, the direction indicators more clearly inform other vehicles that the driver is about to turn or change lanes (standard);<br /><br />Self-lowering of the side mirrors (in reverse): system that automatically lowers the side mirrors to give the driver better visibility of the ground, kerbs or other obstacles when reverse gear is engaged (standard for Platinum and Executive);<br /><br />Electric sunshade: automatic sun shield to reduce the heat inside the passenger compartment and increase passenger privacy. This sunshade automatically lowers in reverse to provide maximum rear visibility (standard for Platinum and Executive);<br /><br />Fuel flap with electronic closing (without cap): makes refuelling operations easier and eliminates any contact with fuel spilling. It also protects against any attempted theft of fuel from the tank and vandalism against the fuel supply system thanks to the electronic closing and internal release using the button (standard);<br /><br />Emergency internal boot release: phosphorescent release handle that can be activated if an adult or child inadvertently remains trapped in the boot (standard);<br /><br />Anti-theft system: discourages vandalism and attempted theft, often bringing the insurance premium down considerably. This system protects the vehicle from attempted theft or unauthorised access by monitoring the door locking switches and the ignition circuit;<br /><br />Immobilizer Sentry Key®: it uses the remote control inserted in the key that incorporates a transponder with a pre-programmed safety code to switch off the engine after a few seconds, like a theft-deterrent device (standard).<br /><br />Passive safety<br />To guarantee the maximum passive safety level, all possible types of accident were examined on the Lancia Thema: front and side impacts, roll-over, pile-up and fire. The various speeds at which impacts may occur, the different types of obstacles and the protection of passengers with different physical characteristics were also taken into consideration. A whole of technical features that makes the Lancia Thema the most advanced state-of-the-art vehicle as far as passive safety systems are concerned resulted from the in-depth evaluation of all these parameters.<br /><br />Advanced multistage airbags: they open with more or less force, depending on the seriousness of the impact. The new airbag design of the airbag for the Lancia Thema's driver includes restraint devices that shape the airbag to reduce the force of impact and chest injuries of the occupants. The passenger's airbag is designed to open at a varying speed according to the position of the occupants (standard);<br /><br />Side window airbags: extensive protection of all the passengers sitting on the front and rear seats. Every side airbag is equipped with its own impact sensor for independent activation on the impact side. The side window airbag is housed in the roof lining, above the side windows (standard);<br /><br />Knee airbags: housed underneath the instrument panel, the knee airbag opens when the airbag on the driver's side opens, and it was specifically designed to correctly position the occupant during a collision and offer greater protection of the legs (standard);<br /><br />Pelvis and chest airbags installed on the seat: these increase the safety of driver and passenger on the driver's side in some types of impact. Every side airbag is equipped with its own impact sensor for independent activation on the impact side. The standard side airbags are fitted on the external side of each front seat (standard);<br /><br />Reactive head restraints: they activate in the event of a rear impact. The headrests are designed to reduce personal injury by decreasing the distance between the headrest and the passenger's head (standard);<br /><br />Headrest: a rear passenger headrest for all seat positions is also present (standard);<br /><br />3-point seatbelts: all the external front seat positions and rear seat positions are equipped with seatbelts for pelvis and shoulders (standard);<br /><br />Height-adjustable seatbelts: these allow the front passengers to raise or lower the upper seatbelt part. This system stimulates seatbelt use by ensuring greater comfort (standard);<br /><br />Seatbelt pretensioners: the impact sensors activate the pretensioners of the front seats in the case of impact. These latter correctly tighten the seatbelts, in this way reducing the forward freedom of movement of the occupant's head and chest (standard);<br /><br />Constant Force Restraint (CFR): this device checks the degree of force applied by the seatbelt on the occupant and then gradually releases the seat belt in controlled way (standard);<br /><br />Occupant Retaining Controller (ORC): it detects an impact and determines if the impact is strong enough to require the airbag to open and if it is sufficient to activate only the first phase of inflation or if the second is also required. In addition, the controller detects the side impacts and determines whether or not to activate the window airbags fixed to the bars and the side airbags built into the seats (chest protection). The controller also manages the seatbelt pretensioners of the front seats (standard);<br /><br />Active Pedestrian Protection: in the event of accidental impact, the system "lifts" the rear of the bonnet to protect the pedestrian (standard);<br /><br />Enhanced Accident Response System (EARS): it facilitates intervention of first response personnel after an accident by switching on the interior lights, making the emergency lights flash and unlocking the doors of the Thema after the airbags open. It also interrupts the flow of petrol going to the engine (standard);<br /><br />Door protection bars: for protecting the passengers in the event of a side impact (standard);<br /><br />Child seat anchoring system (ISOFIX): the system is designed to simplify the assembly of the compatible child seats (standard);<br /><br />Controlled crumple zones: these are zones designed to crumple in the case of accident in order to absorb the energy of the impact and reduce its transfer to the passengers (standard)<br /><br />Energy absorbing steering wheel column: the steering wheel column with manual adjustment uses two coaxial ducts made with hydroforming able to execute reciprocal movements to allow the column to advance and absorb more energy during an impact. The new electric steering wheel column uses a calibrated bent element that deforms during steering wheel column movement and ensures optimum management of the energy;<br /><br />Safety cage structure: this protects the occupants by managing and controlling the energy in the case of impact (standard).<br /><br />Architecture: American comfort and European handling<br />Well-being on board means surrounding the driver and passengers with technologies that ensure their highest level of acoustic and climatic comfort. The need to turn the interior into a cocooned and encircling living room stems from this goal. In fact, in addition to the care and craftsmanship quality of the materials, the new Thema's interior stands out for its level of quiet, which is one of the best in the class. This is the result of special attention dedicated during the design stage to improve the soundproofing of the passenger compartment by using cutting-edge technologies and a wide use of ultra resistant steels and composite materials.<br /><br />The Lancia Thema is also top of its class in terms of driving comfort, handling, steering response and efficiency of the electrohydraulic power assisted steering. In the same way the exceptional structural rigidity, the architecture of the suspensions and the high performance braking system ensure a smooth drive while the dynamic manoeuvrability features prove to be unaltered.<br /><br />All of the new construction innovations of the model that significantly contribute to turning even the simplest daily commute into a travel experience follow. That is because a "great trip" is not just leaving and arriving, but is instead a continuous string of emotions.<br /><br />Structural rigidity and quiet<br />The new Thema is distinguished by advanced steels, elements in nylon composite material and a new architecture of the segment E with second-generation rear-wheel drive for the best in terms of refinement and manageability. Thanks to its excellent torsion strength, the Thema is compact and rigid, and conveys a feeling of great confidence and control. To ensure an exceptional continuity in terms of rigidity on the front and rear sides, the Lancia Thema's rear structure has been reinforced 26% more than models built on the previous platform.<br /><br />The new Thema is distinguished by one of the best levels of quiet in segment E. By maximising the innovative, ultra-rigid structural design, the engineers were able to increase the quietness of the passenger compartment (as well as to reduce the noise level), and insulate the engine and remove every rustle and noise caused by travelling along the road. The monocoque of the new Lancia flagship boasts improvements in terms of materials and structural engineering, as demonstrated by the two underbody panels in composite material of more than 2.3 metres. The two-panel acoustic windscreen, laminated windows, noise absorbing panels in the passenger compartment and in the cavities of the wheel arches and the rounded door structure with triple seals ensure excellent absorption of road noise and an optimum soundproofing of the passenger compartment.<br /><br />Latest generation high resistance steels<br />Thanks to the widespread use of high resistance steels, composite materials and advanced computer-simulated collisions, the new Thema is competitive from all points of view in terms of passive safety, in addition to compliance with the regulations and evaluations of various international bodies.<br /><br />In detail, more than 67% of the underbody structure and 53% of the structure of the upper part of the body is pressed and built with high resistance steels and advanced high resistance steels. The strategic use of advanced steels in the Lancia Thema inspires confidence in high performance driving and contributes to exceptional driving dynamics to offer passengers greater protection. Specifically, the use of high resistance steel is found in the central tunnel, in the body side, in the front wheel arch structures and in the bars of the vehicle. On the other hand, thanks to a tensile strength about twice as high than high resistance steel, advanced high resistance steel is used to build the critical areas of the body demanding greater structural rigidity, such as the cross members of the seats and the upper rear area crosswise behind the back seats, which ensure greater transversal rigidity.<br /><br />Contributing to its excellent structural strength is hot-pressed ultra-strong steel. It is used for the front pillars, the doors on the body side, the upper section of the front rails and the windscreen channel of the new Thema. Furthermore, thanks to the tensile strength of advanced high resistance steel with finer and lighter applications, the engineers were able to use ultra-resistant steel to reduce the thickness of the pillars and doors without interrupting its classic silhouette. As a result, overall external visibility is significant, also because of the positioning of the windscreen channel, retracted by 7.6 cm.<br /><br />Having double the strength as that of high resistance steel with maximum energy absorption during an impact, dual-phase steel lets the new Thema compete with the best cars in the world in terms of crash test results. The lightweight and thin dual-phase steel is designed for building the interior of the front bars and the engine compartment area to achieve optimum protection for the car's passengers.<br /><br />The upper monocoque structure of the Lancia Thema is built in advanced TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel. TRIP steel allows a thinner and lighter weight steel to be used for the areas of the B pillar, the lower part of the head and the rocker arms. Reinforcements in composite nylon material have also been integrated in the new Lancia flagship's cavities of the upper part of the upper head and in the A and B pillars to provide greater protection of the passengers in case of impact.<br /><br />Lastly, laser welding has improved the sculpted body of the Thema in terms of both appearance and aerodynamics. This particular construction technology made it possible to build a single body, without interruptions with the roof panel and the sections of the regular bars.<br /><br />Architecture and calibration of the second-generation suspensions<br />The new Thema features front and rear suspension geometries redesigned to ensure exceptional handling, while the new high quality suspension elements make it absolutely unique.<br /><br />The essence of the Thema's new suspension design lies in lightweight front and rear suspension cradles that breathe life into an ultra rigid assembly, a necessary ingredient in order to guarantee outstanding precision and performance. The new front single tube shock absorbers, the new springs and an unprecedented position of the shock absorber and front suspension mounting also contribute to the optimum control, driving and comfort ratings. All rolled into one, these elements improve handling, which consequently increase lifetime and reduce roughness. In addition, the new high quality hydraulic bushes in the front suspensions limit roughness while driving to prolong the characteristics of even braking.<br /><br />In the rear of the Lancia Thema, the design of the rear suspensions with five anchoring points is distinguished by roll steer geometry, which provides independent control of the movement of the suspensions (camber and toe-in) so that handling is extraordinary. The new single tube shock absorbers and new springs make driving more polished as handling and dynamics are improved. The high quality urethane compression bumpers and suspension anchoring with rubber bushes for the shock absorbers help the rear suspensions of the saloon to make the passenger compartment quieter. Lastly, the new upper and lower dampers for the seat springs provide greater attenuation of the vibrations so that passengers are more comfortable when travelling over bumpy roads.<br /><br />The new Thema's road holding is remarkable thanks to the new geometries of the front and rear cambers. Set on -1° in front and on -1.75° in back, the Lancia flagship has improved performance when cornering since the tyres tilt inwards in the upper part in relation to the body. Last but not least, the new large-diameter front and rear anti-roll bars make the chassis agile when cornering, with the body tipping less.<br /><br />The suspensions of the new Thema ensure performance worthy of a Gran Turismo, as one might expect from the great European saloon cars, making the experience of driving the Lancia flagship one of the best in the world. With the two set-ups of the suspensions and the wheel/tyre combinations available (from 18" to 20"), the new Lancia vehicle ensures great handling and optimum driving comfort.<br /><br />Two suspension set-ups and wheel/tyre combinations are available: "Comfort" (standard on the Gold and Platinum trim levels with 18" wheels and tyres) and "Touring" (standard on the Executive trim level with 20" wheels and tyres and, on request, on the Platinum trim level if fitted with 20" wheels and tyres).<br /><br />Electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) to get precise and controlled steering<br /><br />What gives the driver of the new Thema a new road holding capability is the new (Electro Hydraulic Power Steering) system, which guarantees precise perception of the road, improves steering alignment and reduces steering noise and fuel consumption.<br /><br />Depending on the control mode, the EHPS system applies a steering effort that varies with the different driving conditions. The ENPS analyses the steering angle, vehicle speed, engine speed and the chassis control systems 13 times a second to provide an accurate sensation of the vehicle's handling and performance. When the Thema is stopped or travels at low speeds, the hydraulic pump increases the power steering to reduce steering effort. The pump reduces the power steering at higher speeds, giving the Lancia Thema a feeling of greater solidity and, as a consequence, the system guarantees fuel consumption cut up to 1.5% and lower energy consumption than a belt pump.<br /><br />To get an even higher feeling of precision and control, the new Thema Executive with Touring set-up suspensions ensures 25% faster steering and 20% greater steering alignment.<br /><br />Maximum stopping power<br />The new Thema is equipped with a powerful braking system that guarantees performance and sensations at the top of its category. In detail, the system offers:<br /> highly balanced brake linings designed to provide an even and regular braking sensation, guaranteeing long life and performance;<br /> new brake servo;<br /> high performance brake linings with fading effect resistance and an exceptional feeling of the pedal;<br /> brake callipers with elevated retraction that reduce parasitic friction with vibration dampening springs to achieve higher efficiency;<br /> compensation of the hydraulic pressure that automatically perceives every fault in terms of vacuum in the brake servo or in the relevant brake linings. This latter system intervenes if a pipe brakes by activating the ABS pump to the maximum and allowing the brakes to operate as usual until the system is repaired. <br /><br />Completing the Lancia Thema braking system are the Ready Alert Braking and Rain Brake Support systems. The first, a Thema exclusive in its class, is able to automatically perceive the accelerator's release by the driver. It slightly increases the braking pressure (not enough to slow down the vehicle) to ensure that the brake pads and discs are properly aligned in view of emergency braking. Rain Brake Support on the other hand goes into operation when the system windscreen wipers come on and automatically applies a braking pressure pulse (not enough to slow down the vehicle), removing water from the brake pads.<br /><br />Technology: connectivity and entertainment<br />Thanks to the innovative Uconnect® Touch - the infotainment system with the biggest touchscreen of its class - the new Lancia Thema has latest generation infotainment functions that integrate information in real time, multimedia entertainment, portable mobile devices, voice commands and personalised settings to make every journey safe and fun, regardless of the destination.<br /><br />New Uconnect Touch 8.4 and 8.4N system and the biggest touch-screen of the class<br /><br />Researched to enrich the driving experience and perfectly integrated in the design of the new Lancia Thema, the innovative Uconnect Touch 8.4 includes an 8.4" QVGA touchscreen, Uconnect system with voice commands and Bluetooth®, SD card reader (compatible with music files in MP3/WMA format), USB port with iPod® command, DVD, single DVD player with exclusive reading of the MP3/WMA formats, automatic dual zone climate control commands and AM/FM radio.<br /><br />Standard on the entire range, the system is complete with an 8.4-inch touchscreen where all of the information necessary for driving and comfort on board is clearly and immediately displayed. And again with maximum safety and ease of use in mind, both audio and connectivity controls located on the spokes of the steering wheel and an innovative voice-activated hands-free device are available. In detail, this latter feature - called Uconnect Voice Command with Bluetooth® - lets the driver manage a Bluetooth compatible phone while keeping his hands on the steering wheel and without taking his eyes off the road. The phonebook is automatically downloaded and up to 1,000 items are synchronised the first time the Bluetooth® mobile phone is connected. Afterwards, they can be selected by simply saying the corresponding name. Using voice commands, the driver can also select one of the available radio modes and tune AM/FM stations in a totally natural way and with utmost freedom of movement.<br /><br />Completing the functions of the Uconnect Touch 8.4 system is the handy USB port with iPod® control. Situated under the armrest of the central console, this multimedia input lets the driver control an iPod or another mobile peripheral device using the Uconnect Touch system and the audio controls on the steering wheel. The USB port also makes it possible to recharge any USB-supplied device in addition to playing and checking audio files in MP3 and WMA format saved on a USB pen drive.<br /><br />The Uconnect Touch 8.4N is offered as standard on the Platinum and Executive, on request on the Gold trim levels. Added to the functions described above is the Garmin® navigation system with more than six million points of interest. The big 8.4" touchscreen provides driver and passengers with detailed instructions and simplified visual signals while the vehicle is travelling, in addition to an extensive database of points of interest that makes it easy to find restaurants, stores, hospitals and other destinations in the vicinity.<br /><br />Alpine® Premium audio systems<br />The new Lancia Thema offers three high-fidelity audio systems among other things featuring high quality Alpine and Harman Kardon® speakers and amplifiers.<br /><br />Supplied standard on the Gold and Platinum trim levels, the first premium system with six speakers has a six-channel amplifier with 276 W of power, two 3.5" speakers located in the instrument panel, two 6 x 9" speakers set inside the front doors, and two 6 x 9" speakers positioned in the parcel shelf.<br /><br />The second Alpine Premium hi-fi system with nine speakers and subwoofer, standard on the Executive trim level and optional on the Platinum, has a 12-channel amplifier with 506 W of power, digital signal processing (DSP) with 7.1 audio surround, three 3.5" speakers in the instrument panel; two 6 x 9" speakers set inside the front doors, two 3.5" speakers positioned in the rear doors, and an 8" subwoofer set in the centre of the parcel shelf.<br /><br />Also available upon request on the Executive trim level is a Harmon Kardon® sound system complete with 19 speakers plus subwoofer, supplying a total of 900 W of amplification. The sophisticated high-fidelity audio device consists of an 11-channel system with 900 W of power, six 3.5" speakers positioned in the instrument panel, two 6 x 9" speakers set inside the front doors, four 3.5" speakers placed in the rear doors, two 6 x 9" speakers set in the parcel shelf of the vehicle, four 3.5" speakers placed in the parcel shelf of the vehicle, a 10" subwoofer positioned in the centre of the parcel shelf and a 12-channel Harman Kardon® amplifier.<br /><br />Services: exclusivity and accessibility<br />In placing his trust in a car manufacturer - whichever one it is - the customer asks to be satisfied at best. But when he turns to Lancia, he does not settle for that. One wants much more than that from a brand with a great tradition, one that has written so many important pages in automotive history while remaining faithful to its values of exclusivity and distinction: he expects to be pampered.<br /><br />That is why the direct relationship between dealer and customer plays a primary role at all times, before the purchase, upon final delivery and during after-sales service. It is there that it is necessary to meet all the needs of someone used to receiving accurate and precise answers. It is only in this way that someone who buys a Lancia Thema will feel like a special, satisfied customer and will be won over by a truly unique and exclusive treatment.<br /><br />For that customer the brand has come up with a programme that exceeds normal expectations and offers brand new services also for customers of the flagships. This is how "Top Care Thema" was created. It is an exclusive programme that follows the private customers of the major European markets throughout the first year. A dedicated team contacts them right after delivery and then again after four and twelve months to collect impressions and offer helpful hints and support. It will be the same preferential channel to which all Top assistance on the advanced functions of the Thema can be requested, even at home and as one requires.<br /><br />FGA Capital - a finance company specialising in the automotive sector - is offering financial solutions ideal for demanding customers for the commercial launch of the Lancia Thema. Starting with leasing, the formula dedicated to freelancers, self-employed workers and entrepreneurs that allows them to use the car without tying up capital. You can choose the contract duration and the amount of the first instalment, and also enjoy a highly flexible final redemption value. Particularly suitable for "professional customers", this formula is even more appealing thanks to the new Extended Warranty to accommodate the specific needs of mobility of this category distinguished by a frequent use of the car, and therefore by high mileage. Marketed in the main European markets during the next few months, what's exciting about the new Extended Warranty is duration up to 96 months, the unlimited mileage and the contents: practically complete coverage for the vehicle components. What's more, you will even receive the same level of coverage for the entire duration of your loan, a distinctive feature on the market.<br /><br />In some markets (Italy, UK, France, Spain and Netherlands), long-term hire is available. It is the answer best suited to the needs of both the "single entrepreneur" and small-medium companies (fleets) because it represents the most complete offer for those who work and for those who need to benefit from using the car, cancelling the tax costs and reducing those regarding the hassle of bureaucracy and administration. In addition, this solution guarantees the availability of an always new and efficient "vehicle fleet" thanks to the service included in the instalment.<br /><br />Moreover, aware of the fact that special customers deserve exclusive services, FGA Capital and Lancia have conceived "Ypsilon Tender to Thema", an original offer for managers of those companies that choose the Thema as their official car. In detail, these special customers can benefit from a new Lancia Ypsilon free of charge for 12 months. The exclusive "Ypsilon Tender to Thema" takes its cue from the world of boating. Every prestigious yacht has its own tender, a small and practical boat used for easily reaching coves and beaches otherwise inaccessible. In the very same way the new Ypsilon has become the tender of the Lancia Thema flagship, a fashion city car that meets all mobility needs while maintaining all of the comfort and attention to detail that are classical hallmarks of the Lancia brand.<br /><br />Finally, it is always possible to combine all the financial products with the usual car insurance services, such as GAP, Fire&Theft and Comprehensive and so on for credit protection. All are absolutely integrable in the finance plan chosen and are offered at a discounted rate with respect to the current market conditions.<br />classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-86467091276966826842013-06-26T01:56:00.003-07:002013-06-26T01:56:56.558-07:00Lamborghini Aventador J Concept, 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Lamborghini Aventador J Concept, 2012</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />At the 2012 Geneva Motor Show, Automobili Lamborghini is presenting the most uncompromising open super sports car of its entire history. The Lamborghini Aventador J is a force of nature on wheels - supremely powerful and supremely open. The Aventador J offers its pilot and co-pilot an utterly indescribable experience of power and dynamics. At the same time, the 515 kW / 700 hp two-seater is a first class technology showcase, combining innovative solutions and brand new materials and demonstrating Automobili Lamborghini's enormous expertise in carbon fiber technology.<br /><br />The Lamborghini Aventador J is a radically open automobile - exterior and interior meld into each other. The designers and engineers in Sant'Agata Bolognese have not only dispensed entirely with the roof, but also with the front windshield. This requires that drivers of the Aventador J must have the right equipment for driving at top speeds higher than 300 Km/h.<br /><br />This kind of driving at the limit is a highly exclusive experience - the Lamborghini Aventador J is fully functional for road use. It is an absolute one-off: a one-of-a-kind piece of art.<br /><br />Continuation of a glorious tradition<br />With the Lamborghini Aventador J, technically based on the Aventador, Automobili Lamborghini is carrying on its glorious brand tradition. The 1970 Jota, for instance, was the stuff of legends - a Lamborghini Miura with improved performance and virtually redesigned in every detail. It remained a one-off; although some owners subsequently had their Miuras modified to look like the Jota.<br /><br />The letter J is derived from the sporting rules of the FIA world motorsport organization. Its "Appendix J" defines the technical specification of race cars in the various classes.<br /><br />The Aventador: Extremely open, overwhelming power<br />The Lamborghini Aventador J is a super sports car of positively dramatic single-mindedness and openness. It combines the overwhelming performance of the Lamborghini Aventador with the most intense experience of power and dynamics imaginable in an automobile.<br /><br />The technical basis for the Aventador J is the Aventador LP 700-4, Lamborghini's new twelve-cylinder model. Presented in 2011, the Aventador has been acclaimed by customers and journalists alike. The Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4's technology package is unique - its structure is based on an innovative monocoque made from carbon fiber reinforced polymers that combines systematic lightweight design with optimum stiffness and safety. The new twelve-cylinder with a displacement of 6.5 liters and 515 kW / 700 hp combines the best in high-revving thrills with mighty pulling power. Its super-fast ISR transmission, permanent all-wheel drive and push-rod suspension combine this potent power with the utmost handling precision.<br /><br />Systematic lightweight design - considerable weight reduction<br />Naturally, the Aventador J benefits enormously from this unique technology package. Yet the Aventador J has a significantly different interpretation to the Aventador coupé. In this open version, the monocoque has a largely new design, including the two safety bars behind the seats. The absence of a roof, of the large windshield, of the air conditioning system and of the navigation system obviously takes it to an even lower weight. With a dry weight of 1575 kilograms, the series production Aventador LP 700-4 is already extremely light for its performance class thanks to its carbon fiber construction.<br /><br />Carbonskin, a brand new carbon fiber material<br />The unique expertise of Automobili Lamborghini in the field of carbon fiber reinforced polymers is evident not only in the hi-tech monocoque, but also in the research into further innovative solutions. Unlike traditional seats, in the Lamborghini Aventador J seats are made of Forged COMPOSITE®, with inserts of flexible carbon fiber fabrics: a result of an innovative Lamborghini patent.<br /><br />The specialists at Lamborghini have developed an even more amazing version of carbon fiber material for the Aventador J. In its first automotive application, this carbon fiber fabric called "Carbonskin" is made of woven carbon fibers soaked with a very special epoxy resin that stabilizes the fiber structure and keeps the material soft. Like a hi-tech fabric, the carbon fiber mats fit perfectly to every shape. In the Aventador J, the complete cockpit and parts of the seats are clad in this material and shimmer in matt carbon fiber black. It's conceivable that in future there will be many potential applications for this freshly patented and extremely fine-looking material, even very high-end clothing.<br /><br />The Design: uncompromisingly Lamborghini<br />An extreme Aventador obviously needs an equally single-minded design, which goes without saying at the Centro Stile Lamborghini. Every single model from Sant'Agata Bolognese bears the unique design of the brand. Clear, precise surfaces, as well as sharp, often broken lines are among the unmistakable styling tools. They consistently emphasize the power and enormous presence of these Italian super sports cars. Not one line is ever accidental - the defining principle is always 'form follows function'.<br /><br />The function is very clearly defined for the Aventador J - explosive dynamics, extreme driving fun, a unique experience. Every kilometer with the Aventador J is extreme fun: something plainly evident from the very first glance.<br /><br />Rear view mirror like a periscope<br />Virtually every part of the outer chassis was redesigned for the Aventador J, yet it shows the spirit of Lamborghini in its most concentrated form. The car's dimensions are extreme: the overall length is 4890 mm, the overall width (excluding mirrors) is 2030 mm while the height is 1110 mm.<br /><br />The highest points are marked by the rear view mirror, which is perched on an arm like a periscope, and by the two safety bars behind the seats. In place of the classic front windshield there are two small wind deflectors. The occupants of the Aventador J are confronted by the element of the wind in much the same way as a superbike rider - therefore the right clothing is prerequisite for every trip.<br /><br />Front scoop with winglets<br />The front of the Aventador J is somewhat narrower than that of the Aventador. The front end is dominated by a highly distinctive carbon fiber air scoop, with central fixing braces and upward tilting winglets on the outer edges. Viewed from the side, the front end of the Aventador J looks like a Formula 1 racing car.<br /><br />Red with chrome effect, wheels with CFRP fan<br />The black of the carbon fiber parts is visibly evident throughout the car - the significantly wider sill elements and the mighty rear diffuser form a perfect contrast to the rich red body paintwork. The special red color was developed specifically for this Aventador - a highly intensive red with a slight chrome effect.<br /><br />The wheels, of course, were also developed specifically for this car, with 20-inch rims at the front and 21-inch at the rear. The five-spoke aluminum wheels have a central lock system and an additional carbon fiber insert that functions like a small fan for optimum brake ventilation.<br /><br />Naturally, the doors on the Lamborghini Aventador J also open upward. They are considerably thinner than on the Aventador and are fitted with a tiny, fixed side window. The muscular flanks around the rear wheels are hallmark Lamborghini and make it immediately apparent where this particular bull keeps his power.<br /><br />Rear end purely for aerodynamics and ventilation<br />Because of its ample dimensions, the eye is drawn inexorably to the rear end. It consists in principle of just three elements - the carbon-fiber rear diffuser, the four huge tail pipes and the rear lights with their typical Lamborghini light signature in the form of a Y. The remaining surface area is for heat dissipation and is enclosed only by a black metal mesh. The rear end is crowned by an enormous fixed spoiler mounted on the bodyshell by two arms. 'Form follows function' to the nth degree. The spoiler is supported by two pillars connected by the diffuser: clearly inspired by racing.<br /><br />Special bumpers<br />In comparison with the Aventador LP 700-4, the exclusive Aventador J has special front and rear bumpers. Both bumpers have been supplemented with carbon fiber fins that act as flow deviators. Their purpose is to achieve a significant increase in the vehicle's downforce at both the front and the rear.<br /><br />The outside comes inside<br />The Aventador J's exterior and interior forms flow seamlessly into each other. This supersports car turns its inside outward and is as open as it can possibly be. Conversely, the exterior 'flows' through the interior - a red stripe runs from the front hood, between the two wind deflectors, over the dashboard, down the console to the center tunnel and back up between the seat backs, before leaving the interior and heading for the engine cover panel.<br /><br />Interior is minimalist and single-minded<br />This band of color connects the front and the rear of the car, creates a visual separation between the driver and passenger space and is interrupted only by a small control panel housing the starter button and the switches for lights and transmission. The Lamborghini Aventador J is equipped neither with a navigation nor car audio system, nor does it have the associated screen or air conditioning controls - these would simply detract from its one and only raison d'être as an extreme driving experience. What remains, of course, are two programmable TFT displays behind the steering wheel.<br /><br />The engine cover also brings the inside to the outside. To be more precise, it is not so much a cover but more a framework. This part has a new geometry (X shape) and is made of carbon fiber. Two large openings lay bare both cylinder banks of the mighty V12 power unit with its 6.5 liters of displacement - a truly stunning sight for every automobile aficionado.<br /><br />A unique work of art licensed for the road<br />However, at the end of the Geneva Motor Show, this sight will be the preserve of just one - the future owner of the Lamborghini Aventador J. There is only one of them, no prototypes and no others for the Lamborghini Museum. The buyer can look forward to a truly unique, street-legal work of art. He will possess the most extreme expression of Lamborghini DNA in existence and a real masterpiece of high technology. But the many other fans of the super sports cars from Sant' Agata Bolognese can rest assured - the Aventador success story has only just begun.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-84941619098130584892013-06-25T02:13:00.002-07:002013-06-25T02:13:47.779-07:00KTM X-Bow R, 2011<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>KTM X-Bow R, 2011</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />The KTM X-Bow R has been completely revised and even if the new developments of the KTM X-Bow R are not obvious at first glance from its outward appearance, a lot of things have been changed around the carbon monocoque. The engineers did not restrict themselves to improvements to the engine. In fact there have been improvements in all other relevant components to ensure that an optimal performance can be achieved. And that is because the customers had clearly expressed their wishes that the super sports car that many of them want to take to the racing circuit weekend after weekend, should be even more extreme, even faster and even more powerful.<br /><br />In 2011 the product range of the super sports car with the carbon monocoque includes the KTM X-Bow R, the most powerful version yet developed. The "R" is the result of concentrated further development of this spectacular lightweight sports car. In the rear of the "R" is a 300 hp 2.0 Liter TFSI engine from Audi with a maximum torque of 400 Nm and this ensures an unbelievable driving experience both on and off the racing circuit, because naturally the KTM X-Bow R is homologated for use on the road.<br /><br />At the German premium carmaker Audi, KTM chose one of the most efficient and powerful engines with a 2.0 litre displacement. This is all about an engine block that was used by the Ingolstadt-based company for a long time in the S3 model and which generated up to 265 hp. there. It was later also used in the TT-S with 272 hp. For use in the KTM X-Bow R, the reinforced block has a bigger turbo, an altered fuel injection system and the engine electronics have been additionally updated by Bosch Engineering Group (BEG). This means that the performance not only increases to 300 hp but also the torque: to be exact 400 Nm are set free at 3,300 revs and results in a very smooth torque curve which provides impressive drive in all situations.<br /><br />The was how the KTM X-Bow evolved into the 'R' but it was far from complete. For the engineers, the additional power meant that the entire periphery - from the engine mounting to the suspension had to be reviewed. And that is why, in addition to the engine, very many other parts of the vehicle were either changed or completely newly constructed.<br /><br />The stay of the torque support arm has been completely changed<br />60 hp more - a good 25 percent - caused far more extreme forces that meet and must be absorbed on the engine mounting points on the aluminium rear frame. It was the aim of the development not simply to meet the additional burden but to strengthen the rear beyond that of the 240 hp model. The solution was to reposition the torque support arm. Up to date this had been attached to the rear frame, now it sits directly on the carbon monocoque. With this, the torsional stiffness is significantly increased, especially when accelerating out of corners and the KTM X-Bow R handles even better on the road as its "little brothers" the X-Bow Street and Clubsport.<br /><br />The entire drive train unit has been lowered by 19 millimeters<br />By relocating the torque arm and its connection, the developers then faced another demand. The entire engine unit should be lowered to lower also the center of gravity. The initial target could be even exceeded thanks to clever construction so that the drive unit now sits lower in the rear frame by a massive 19 mm. The main effect: the vehicle's already impressively low center of gravity has been moved even further down towards the road surface so that the central center of gravity of the vehicle is lower by 15 mm. As a direct consequence even higher cornering speeds and greater lateral acceleration of more than 1.5 g is possible and the handling of the KTM X-Bow R is significantly improved.<br /><br />The suspension has been significantly revised<br />25 percent more power, higher cornering speeds, greater G-loads. All this has resulted in a significant additional burden on the chassis, which in combination with the tires represents the final link in a long chain for achieving optimal contact with the road. The push rod suspension on the front axle, which comes directly from the Formula racing sport, but also the suspension on the rear axle has been revised. The first step was trying to reduce the friction on the wishbones of the X-Bow. For this purpose special Teflon washers have been used to reduce the friction and play, which at the same time improving the precision and the response of the suspension In addition to this the engineers devoted time to the springs and shock absorbers: stiffer springs in the front and rear suspension and new damping characteristics meant that the KTM X-Bow R is characterized by an additional increase in the handling, even more extremely exact and delicate than up to this stage of the development.<br /><br />The price of the KTM X-Bow R is € 58,795 (excluding national taxes and import duties).<br /><br />The standard equipment (extract)</div>
<ul>
<li> Carbon fiber racing monocoque with crash box in visible carbon fiber</li>
<li> Audi 2.0 TFSI engine with direct fuel injection and 220 kW (300 hp)</li>
<li> Mechanical limited slip differential</li>
<li> Smooth surface racing underbody with a rear diffuser in aluminium composite</li>
<li> Individually adjustable pedals</li>
<li> Adjustable and removable multi functional steering wheel</li>
<li> Sports suspension, adjustable in rebound and compression damping</li>
<li> Keyless go system</li>
<li> Painted rims</li>
<li> 4-point safety belt</li>
<li> Special paint work in "R" design </li>
</ul>
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</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-60141844941781379492013-06-24T01:55:00.003-07:002013-06-24T01:55:34.256-07:00Jeep Wrangler Rubicon 10th Anniversary, 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Jeep Wrangler Rubicon 10th Anniversary, 2013</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />As a two-door Wrangler or four-door Wrangler Unlimited, the Jeep Wrangler Rubicon 10th Anniversary Edition is the most capable Wrangler ever produced. Based on the Rubicon model, it is available with a standard six-speed manual or available five-speed automatic transmission mated to a Pentastar 3.6-liter V-6 engine producing 285 horsepower and 260 ft.-lbs. of torque. The Jeep part-time four-wheel-drive system has electronic-locking front and rear Dana 44 axles that receive power through a Rock-Trac transfer case with a "4-Low" ratio of 4:1. A 4.10 axle ratio front and rear is also standard as are Tru-Lok locking differentials. With a six-speed manual transmission, the Jeep Wrangler Rubicon 10th Anniversary Edition has an impressive crawl ratio of 73.1:1 that makes it a breeze to negotiate any obstacle.<br /><br />The Jeep Wrangler Rubicon 10th Anniversary Edition has many exclusive features that make it distinctive, as well as the most off-road capable Wrangler in history. A one-half inch increase in ride height versus the standard Rubicon model provides the BF Goodrich KM2 265/70R17 tires more room to claw at rugged terrain. The tires are mounted on 17-inch Rubicon aluminum wheels painted satin black with polished faces and a red Jeep Wrangler "icon" logo on the outside lip.<br /><br />Black front and rear steel off-road bumpers toughen up the exterior, with the front bumper featuring removable end caps and a winch-capable design. These removable end caps help the Wrangler climb obstacles without hindrance, and reduce the damage potential to the bumper system. A dual-intake Power Dome hood helps aid in engine cooling and gives Wrangler a more menacing appearance. Red tow hooks adorn the front and rear, and Mopar rock rails give added protection from trail damage. Mopar also supplies the black fuel filler door and tail lamp guards. "10th Anniversary" badging on the fenders and a red-silhouette "Rubicon" decal on the sides of the hood add the finishing touches on the exterior.<br /><br />The Jeep Wrangler Rubicon 10th Anniversary Edition comes standard with a Premium Sunrider soft top and is available with a black three-piece Freedom hard top or body-color hard top. Available exterior colors for the Jeep Wrangler Rubicon 10th Anniversary Edition are Billet Silver, White and 10th Anniversary Edition-exclusive Anvil.<br /><br />The interior has many special touches as well. Striking red leather seats with "Rubicon 10th Anniversary" embroidered into the front seat backs grab attention at first glance. Red stitching adorns the leather-wrapped steering wheel and the center console. A unique gauge cluster features a "10th Anniversary" signature and also features a premium Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC) with various read-outs such as oil pressure, oil temperature and tire pressure. The passenger grab handle includes a "Rubicon 10th Anniversary" badge and features Quick Silver accents that are also found on the vent rings, steering wheel spokes and door pulls.<br /><br />Final design touches include Mopar slush mats, unique axle locker and sway-bar disconnect switches and a plaque mounted in the dash tray that features the vehicle's technical data, such as axle type and ratio, tire size, transfer case crawl ratio and manufacturer location.<br /><br />Heritage<br />For more than seven decades, Jeep® vehicles have defined the benchmark in rugged capability and utility. The most recognized of these vehicles has long been and still is the Jeep Wrangler, which has always provided an unmatched level of freedom resulting from the ability to traverse any trail, anywhere.<br /><br />10 years ago, for the 2003 model year, Jeep dramatically raised the bar in off-road capability with the introduction of the Wrangler Rubicon model. Named after one of the most grueling off-road trails in the world, the Rubicon models were the most extreme Wranglers ever produced. The 2005 model year saw the introduction of the Wrangler Rubicon Unlimited that brought more utility to the Rubicon's quickly established off-road credentials. Over the last 10 years, the Wrangler Rubicon has won numerous prestigious awards including Four Wheeler magazine's "4x4 of the Decade" honor for its unmatched level of all-around capabilities.<br /><br />Fast forward to the 2013 model year, with Jeep Wrangler setting sales records and the wildly popular Jeep Wrangler Rubicon turning 10 years young. To celebrate, Jeep is introducing a new, limited-production 2013 Wrangler Rubicon 10th Anniversary Edition. It is the most capable factory-produced Jeep Wrangler ever, packed with equipment die-hard off-road enthusiasts love.<br /></div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-77919050470773355432013-06-23T01:19:00.003-07:002013-06-23T01:19:48.419-07:00Jaguar XFR Speed, 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Jaguar XFR Speed, 2013</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />The Jaguar XFR Speed Pack features a speed limiter raised to 174mph (280km/h), the 510PS car is equipped with revised engine and gearbox calibration to match the increased top speed. A new front aero splitter and a new rear wing distinguish the Speed Pack car.<br /><br />The 510PS XFR sports saloon benefits from the same combination of eight-speed automatic gearbox and Intelligent Stop/Start allowing it to offer an unrivalled blend of efficiency and excitement. The EU Combined cycle improves by 11% with its emissions reduced by more than 8%.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-43072949159283884422013-06-21T01:51:00.001-07:002013-06-21T01:51:41.975-07:00Iveco Campagnola, 2009<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Iveco Campagnola, 2009</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />After more than twenty years the Iveco Campagnola is back. Italy's best loved Fiat vehicle was originally produced in different versions from 1951 to 1987.<br /><br />The new Iveco Campagnola is part of the Iveco brand and is derived from Massif, the 4x4 off-road vehicle. Iveco is one of the few global manufacturers to offer a complete range of all-wheel-drive vehicles and with Massif the company has entered a completely new sector of professional transport for the first time offering two light off-road vehicles. Iveco Campagnola extends the range with a model specifically for passenger transport, without sacrificing the authentic off-road features behind the success of its ancestor: separate chassis, all-wheel-drive, high mobility and exceptional off-road capability. In addition to offering the qualities of comfort and driveability demanded by a modern off-road vehicle.<br /><br />THE MODEL IN BRIEF<br />Heir to the Fiat tradition in this sector, the new Iveco Campagnola is a special numbered version of the Iveco Massif conceived for professional off-road use.<br /><br />As a people carrier, the Iveco Campagnola uses the original form of the sporty off-road vehicle, reinventing the authentic spirit of the 4x4 with a modern twist. Its appearance, designed by Giugiaro and the Fiat Centro Stile is very endearing and makes it particularly attractive its front reflecting the family style of Iveco vehicles with its charachteristic radiator grille.<br /><br />Available only with 3 doors and 4 seats, Iveco Campagnola has a wheelbase of 2452mm, is 4248 mm long, 1750mm wide and 2050mm high. It is equipped with the Daily 3 litre Euro 4 HPT 4-cylinder 16-valve turbodiesel range recognized as the best engine in its class. With its Variable Geometry Turbocharger, it delivers 176hp (129.5kw) at 3,200-3,500 rpm and a maximum torque of 400 Nm at 1,250-3000 rpm. It is combined with 6-speed FPT 2840 transmission.<br /><br />Available in two historical colours, sage green and ivory with echoes of the past, Iveco Campagnola offers equipment and features more often found in ordinary cars than off-road vehicles. The interior has plenty to offer, with electric front windows, leather upholstery even for the steering wheel and transmission controls, climate control, radio/CD player with 4 speakers and optional GPS system. Outside the Iveco Campagnola "Opening Edition" nameplate displays on both sides the vehicle's logo and number indicating a limited production series. The wheel rims and the bodywork are in matching colours while the bumper and mudguards are finished in matt. Iveco Campagnola is equipped with a engageable rear differential lock, ABS, Immobilizer and anti-theft device.<br /><br />HEIR TO THE FIAT OFF-ROAD TRADITION<br />With this vehicle Iveco puts an era-defining means of transport back on the road: "the go-anywhere vehicle that doesn't need a road" as an advertising slogan put it in 1951, the year the Fiat Campagnola was launched.<br /><br />The memory of the legendary light military vehicles used during the second world war still fresh in the memory: the Willys proved themselves an ideal means of support and reconnaissance. Inspired by this formula, the Italian government ran a competition for special-use vehicles. The history of Campagnola, an icon of Fiat off-road vehicles, is linked, in post-war Italy with that of its 'twin' Alfa Romeo. Fiat and Alfa separately designed two analogous models, named in military terms AR 51 (the abbreviation is short for 'Autoveicoli da Ricognizione' and the number a reference to its year of introduction of 1951) both with 1900 cm3 engines. For civilian use, Fiat chose the less aggressive name of Campagnola and its Milanese 'rival' was called Matta (like the joker in a pack of cards). Only the Campagnola met with extraordinary success, while the Alfa 4x4 was produced up to 1955 with only 2059 units produced. The decisive factor in determining the preference for the Fiat model was its price, the Alfa featured much more expensive technology, inaccessible to public bodies.<br /><br />The Campagnola D, designed by Dante Giacosa and constructed according to the Willys mould, debuted at the Fiera del Levante show in Bari in 1951 at a price of 1,600,000 lire. It had a front mounted engine, 4 driven wheels with disengagable front driven wheels and a transfer box. In November 1951 it crossed Africa from Cape Town to Algiers in 11 days, 4 hours and 54 minutes, overcoming every possible adversity and establishing the world record. The Campagnola, with petrol engine rated at 53hp at 5,300 rpm, 4 speed and reverse transmission, (II, III and IV synchronized), lockable rear differential, central gearshift lever and top speed of 100km/h. with a gradeability of 90% (in first gear) and consumed an average of 12.1 litres per 100km. The body was 3.64m long and 1.48 wide and weighed 1,250kg. The front suspension was independent with wishbones, helical springs, hydraulic dampers and stabilizing bar. In short, the best available at that time. The rear suspension was by leaf springs with a rigid axle and hydraulic dampers. The AR 51 military version was also adopted by the Carabinieri.<br /><br />1953 saw the appearance of the 40hp 3200 rpm diesel version (still 1.9) offering 85km/h at a price of 1,792,000 lire.<br /><br />In 1955 came the Campagnola A (AR 55) with more powerful 63hp (116 km/h) petrol engine and 43hp diesel model, in 1960 the Campagnola B with 47hp diesel engine, reaching 95 km/h. The Fiat off-road was able to carry 6 people with more than 60kg of luggage, or one person with 410kg of luggage.<br /><br />1968 was the turn of the C Diesel: a 1895cc, 47 hp engine developing at 3,800 rpm, 96 km/h. The production of the first Campagnola ceased in 1973, following the production of 39,086 models, of which 7,783 models were diesel.<br /><br />The summer 1974 saw the debut of the new Campagnola, manufactured until 1979. Much more technically advanced it was also a much more comfortable model: it could transport up to 7 people. It was launched at the Belgrade Show and retained only the name of its predecessor. It was a modern vehicle with engines already proven on the Fiat 132, independent four wheel suspension and automotive bodywork. Optional features included locking differentials on both axles and improved tyres, dual-joint front driveshafts rear seats and a ventilation system. The engine had 4 cylinders inline of 1,995 cm3 swept volume rated at 80hp at 4,600rpm, 4 speed and reverse transmission, (fully synchronized), central gearshift lever and a top speed of 115 km/h. The new Campagnola was 3.77m long and 1.58 wide and weighed 1,570kg when empty. It had a selling prico of 4,076,000 lire. The 'Torpedo Corta' version features roof and sides in removable fabric.<br /><br />In 1976 the 'Lunga' (with an increased rear of 25cm overhang) and 'Hardtop' (with completely metallic bodywork) versions were introduced.<br /><br />In autumn 1979 Fiat replaced the engine of the new Campagnola with a new diesel engine more suited for off-road use: the 2-litre SOFIM provided 60hp at 4,200 rpm and guaranteed a top speed of 120km/h. There have been numerous enhancements to its bodywork and interior. The list price ranged from 14,018,000 to 15,198,000 lire according to the version. Production of Campagnola ceased in 1987.<br /><br />The Campagnola held particular significance for post-war Italy and during the reconstruction of the 1950s. It was a means of transport that defined an era in a country still lacking an adequate road infrastructure and is still alive in the memories of Italians. Used by the Carabinieri, the Italian army and the Civil Defence Corps and also became famous as the Popemobile, the white livery model featuring the Vatican insignia. The one used by Benedict XVI for his first official outing in the crowds of the Piazza San Pietro is the same one that was donated to John Paul II on the occasion of his visit to Turin in 1980 and accompanied the public appearances of Karol Wojtyla who introduced - also thanks to this vehicle - a new way of communicating with people. Also in white, but with the UN logo, the Campagnola has participated on numerous international peace missions throughout the continents,<br /><br />CAMPAGNOLA TECHNOLOGY<br />Iveco Campagnola has adopted the Massif off-road cutting-edge technology, with a strong impression that sets it apart from the Sports Utility Vehicle used mainly on metalled roads. A return to the origins of 4x4 that makes compromising between road and off-road vehicles a thing of the past. Like Massif, the new Campagnola is suitable for all terrains, capable of offering specific optimal performance and tackling extreme off-road routes with confidence. The gradeability at full-load is 100%, with an approach angle of 50°, a departure angle of 34° and a ramp angle of 33°. The standard fording depth is 500m, the all-wheel-drive is disengageable - with traction on the rear axle - to ensure considerably reduced fuel consumption.<br /><br />The transmission<br />The 6-speed FPT 2840 with overdrive is linked to the transfer case allowing a choice of 4x2 or 4x4 traction. It has 12 forward gears and 2 in reverse. The excellent combination of components takes its inspiration from the Daily range, the transfer box is linked to the front and rear axles via the transmission shafts. This provides a drive ratio of approximately 1:1 and the engagement of all-wheel-drive is selectable when the vehicle is in high range. In low range only all-wheel-drive is available. The parking brake is mounted on the rear axle output flange of the transfer box, resulting in a more powerful braking torque since it is multiplied by the drive axle ratio. This is an extremely important feature because it means that the vehicle can be held by its parking brake in all the impressive gradients it can climb.<br /><br />Suspension<br />The separate chassis with axles mounted on parabolic leaf springs is a no-compromise choice: the separate chassis ensures the high structural stresses of off-road use avoid being transmitted to the body structure, preserving longevity. The leaf springs provide axle location and body suspension without the need for extra drive- or braking-force reaction members or axle location links to the vehicle chassis. The parabolic leaf springs serve a double role of suspension of the chassis and axle location. The suspension layout facilitates the reactions to the drive and braking torque without the need for additional links or forks: a definite advantage for off-road vehicles. The front axle is equipped with double-acting hydraulic dampers, the rear axle with double acting gas dampers. The system is completed by front and rear antiroll stabilizing bars. The maximum load of the front and rear axle is respectively 1175kg and 1750kg with the maximum vehicle load of 2650kg.<br /><br />The braking system<br />The braking system incorporates a double hydraulic circuit with a vacuum servo-assistance circuit which actuates the disc brakes all round, ventilated on the front axle. The parking brake is a cable-actuated drum brake, mounted on the transfer box for improved braking torque with a multiplication factor matching the drive axle ratio.<br /><br />State-of-the-art engine<br />The heart of the Iveco Campagnola is its 3 litre HPT engine originating from the Daily range, a 4-cylinder 16-valve turbocharged diesel engine with technologically advanced common rail fuel injection system offering superb performance and consistent fuel economy. The engine is certified according to Euro 4 emission standards, using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to reduce production of nitrogen oxide and an oxidizing catalyst. With its variable geometry turbocharger, the engine delivers 176hp at 3,200-3,500 rpm and a maximum torque of 400 Nm at 1250-3000 rpm. It is a power unit unique in its category,<br /><br />BRAND VALUES<br />Iveco Campagnola is designed to reflect the fundamental values of Iveco excellence: determination, reliability, performance and team spirit. These values are shared by the New Zealand rugby squad, the All Blacks, that have won more matches than any other team in history. The same team spirit serves as inspiration for Massif and Campagnola: it means working alongside clients for the entire vehicle's life, starting with the product development phase, through work of specialist engineers and Iveco R&D centres which involve clients from the planning stage and then during the purchase, with the help of professionals ready to offer technical assistance and financial solutions to cater for every necessity. The same high service is offered to clients during vehicle activity, with a call centre open 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and a efficient and widespread network (more than 4,600 specialist centres in 100 countries).<br /><br />Iveco - the complete range of all-wheel-drive vehicles<br />The Iveco Campagnola is one of the Massif passenger-carrying models, forming part of a small but important niche in the market for all-wheel-drive work vehicles. Massif is produced with conjunction with the Spanish manufacturer Santana, whose original vehicle has been completely redesigned by Iveco experts with considerable use of technology and solutions derived from the Daily. The fruit of this profound re-engineering is a vehicle suitable for genuine 'off-road truck' missions. Iveco's authority in the 4x4 sector extends to the entire range of commercial vehicles, from light to heavy models - Daily, Eurocargo and Trakker, not to mention the Iveco Astra range and the advanced technology products developed by the Iveco defence division - providing an appropriate response to all types of mission and all work conditions. These all-wheel-drive vehicles are remarkably sturdy, ideal to transport people and equipment wherever they are needed, often in emergency conditions. The reliability of these vehicles is second to none in extreme as well as normal conditions. The numerous demands of the off-road have no negative impact on driver comfort which remains as enjoyable as it would imagine to be.<br /><br />Front and rear drive axles<br />Drive axles are positioned at the front and rear of the vehicle with a final drive ratio of 3,909:1. The final drive gearing used on the front axle is helicoidal while that on the rear axle is a hypoid gear set to provide improved ground clearance for the centrally-mounted differential housing.</div>
classic automotiveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11887576829072664338noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8924438641447893574.post-46958280541336147542013-06-19T01:33:00.002-07:002013-06-19T01:33:22.024-07:00Italdesign Go Concept, 2011<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul style="text-align: center;">
<li> <b>Italdesign Go Concept, 2011</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />The designed for the city, the Go! together with the sporty Tex could increase the wide range of Volkswagen products to A0 segment even more.<br /><br />With the same wheelbase as that of the Passat - 2700 mm - the Go! is a hatchback boasting a total length of 3990 mm thanks to its smaller overhangs. The battery pack is housed underneath the front and rear seating positions. This vertical package allows for the Go! a weight distribution of 58% on the front and 42% on the rear.<br /><br />The design of the exteriors is dominated by extensive glass surfaces, in clear contrast with the trends of recent years of providing cars with increasingly smaller windows. In addition to filling the passenger compartment with light and giving its occupants the chance to thoroughly enjoy city scenery, also thanks to its totally glass roof, this design offers the driver with maximum visibility while driving.<br /><br />The A pillar is in particular considerably farther forward than its traditional position, and the bulk of the door mirrors is eliminated by using cameras. The side windows also extend beneath the waistline - markedly high and optically taken up again by adding a longitudinal structure that crosses the side windows - drawing on a solution introduced in 1988 with the Asgard prototype.<br /><br />This lets the driver benefit from maximum visibility even during manoeuvres and when taking tight curves.<br /><br />Like in the Emas, only the lower part of the windows (the part beneath the longitudinal structure) can be electrically lowered. This solution reduces the weight that the electric window mechanism has to support to a minimum, and is in any case necessary for meeting all of the essential operations such as paying tolls or refuelling.<br /><br />The seat H point (corresponding to the passenger hip position) is located higher than that of mass-produced cars but lower than that of an SUV. This solution makes getting in and out of the passenger compartment extremely comfortable.<br /><br />An electronically driven system pushes the door outwards and pulls it back parallel to the vehicle body for gaining access to the rear seats. This mechanism, which draws on the one used on the VW Milano Taxi (presented in May 2010), offers the advantageous practicality of sliding doors but without sacrificing their section (room is found inside for a comfortable armrest) and makes it possible to do away with the unattractive tracks on the body typical of this solution.<br /><br />Without sacrificing the family feeling typical of the Golf and the Golf Plus, the Go! offers innovative solutions both in the front and back that combine aesthetic pleasure with practical functionality.<br /><br />The grille, dominated by the large VW badge in the centre, incorporates the front light clusters with Xenon/LED technology. The air intake is placed at the height of the fog lights and horizontally splits the front spoiler, adjusting the air flow necessary for cooling the front electric motors.<br /><br />The tailgate reintroduces the theme of the glass surfaces interrupted by a longitudinal insert that not only optically takes up the theme characterising the side view, but conceals the windscreen wiper and rear cameras that turn on when the reverse gear is engaged.<br /><br />To make loading luggage easier, the tailgate can be operated electronically for both opening and closing. A sensor that activates the opening mechanism by simply moving the foot is also fitted underneath the bumper.<br /><br />The light clusters are positioned under the glass surface and are invisible when the panel is off. When the tailgate is opened, they are repeated by two additional taillights located in the lower part of the bumper, beside the rear air intake, which also house the rear fog lights.<br /><br />INTERIOR<br />Ergonomics is certainly the word that best describes the concept of the Go!'s interiors.<br /><br />All of the elements have been styled and designed while keeping man in mind. Every single detail - from entering the car and using its controls to the shape of the seats and the instruments - has been designed from an ergonomic point of view.<br /><br />The driver and three passengers sit on four identical and electronically adjustable seats. Those in the rear can also be folded down using an electronic adjustment mechanism and with remote control, and they form a single surface on the rear floor panel level to increase the maximum loading volume to 525 litres.<br /><br />A storage console/sliding armrest sits between the front seats. If completely pulled back, it aids the driver when getting out from the passenger side. This solution is particularly useful if parking is narrow or if there are objects blocking the opening of the left door.<br /><br />What's really new is the unprecedented positioning of the control panel. Once again with maximum ergonomics in mind, the most important information such as speed, fuel consumption and fuel level is placed at the base of the windscreen, in the rear of the deep dashboard. Giugiaro was extremely keen on this solution. "With the controls positioned in this way, the driver does not have to continuously change his focal length between the foreground of the dashboard and the long surface of the road in front of him. With this layout he can keep his eyes set on the road, distraction-free, and have all of the information necessary for driving available at all times."<br /><br />The monitors of the rear view cameras are also at the base of the windscreen, but at the two side ends.<br /><br />The dashboard contains a touchscreen monitor in the classic position. It groups together all of the auxiliary controls, the infotainment system, the satellite navigation system and, when the reverse gear is engaged, the images of the camera for manoeuvring.<br /><br />ECO-FRIENDLY ESSENCE<br />The Go! is equipped with the electrical Blue-e-motion system totally designed and developed by Volkswagen.<br /><br />Ideal for city traffic, the blue-e-motion system lets the Go! travel roughly 240 km in the combined cycle without emitting even a single gram of CO2.</div>
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